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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Weakening of the airway in patients with chronic bronchitis is the result of: A. destruction of protective mechanisms that remove foreign particles. B. loss of the lubricating substance that facilitates alveolar expansion. C. airway irritation caused by a marked decrease in mucus production. D. acute constriction of the bronchioles caused by an external irritant. | A. destruction of protective mechanisms that remove foreign particles. |
| When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should: A. note the presence of a high-pitched whistling sound, which is an indicator of fluid in the lungs. C. auscultate the posterior chest first and compare the apex of one lung to the base of the opposite lung. D. start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds. | D. start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds. |
| A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition? A. rupture of the diaphragm B. exacerbation of his COPD C. acute pulmonary embolism D. spontaneous pneumothorax | D. spontaneous pneumothorax |
| You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with: A. acute pulmonary edema. B. right-sided heart failure. C. acute pulmonary embolism. D. spontaneous pneumothorax. | C. acute pulmonary embolism. |
| Which of the following conditions would LEAST likely result in hypoxia? A. pleural effusion B. severe anxiety C. pulmonary edema D. prolonged seizures | B. severe anxiety |
| A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations: A. slow and deep. B. deep and rapid. C. slow and shallow. D. rapid and shallow. | B. deep and rapid. |
| A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should: | B. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. |
| You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should: A. insert an oropharyngeal airway and perform oral suctioning. B. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and transport at once. C. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation. D. place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting. | D. place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting. |
| The two processes that occur during respiration are: A. ventilation and diffusion. B. inspiration and expiration. C. diffusion and oxygenation. D. oxygenation and ventilation. | B. inspiration and expiration. |
| A 66-year-old woman presents with a stabbing pain in the middle of her chest that radiates to her back. She tells you that the pain suddenly began about 30 minutes ago and has been severe since the onset. She has a history of hypertension, but admits to being noncompliant with her antihypertensive medications. When you assess her, you find that her blood pressure is significantly higher in her left arm than it is in her right arm. What are her signs and symptoms MOST indicative of? | dissecting aortic aneurysm |
| When an electrical impulse reaches the AV node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that: A. blood can pass from the atria to the ventricles. B. blood returning from the body can fill the atria. C. the impulse can spread through the Purkinje fibers. D. the SA node can reset and generate another impulse. | |
| In contrast to AMI, a dissecting aortic aneurysm: A. is more commonly associated with pressure in the chest. B. often presents with pain that is maximal from the onset. C. usually presents gradually, often over a period of hours. D. is typically preceded by other symptoms, such as nausea. | B. often presents with pain that is maximal from the onset. |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system? A. dilation of blood vessels in the muscles B. constriction of blood vessels in the muscles C. increases in the heart and respiratory rates D. constriction of blood vessels in the digestive system | B. constriction of blood vessels in the muscles |
| Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include: A. pallor, cool skin, and a temporary loss of hearing. B. syncope, a weak pulse, and bleeding from the ears. C. tachycardia, pain behind the eyes, and weakness. D. a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness. | D. a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness. |
| Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe: A. the warning signs that occur shortly before a heart attack. B. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia. C. a severe decrease in perfusion caused by changes in heart rate. D. the exact moment that a coronary artery is completely occluded. | B. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia. |
| Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by: A. cardiogenic shock. B. severe bradycardia. C. ventricular fibrillation. D. congestive heart failure. | ventricular fibrillation. |
| A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by: A. scraping fatty deposits off of the lumen of the coronary artery. B. bypassing the coronary artery with a vessel from the chest or leg. C. placing a stent inside the coronary artery to keep it from narrowing. D. dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon. | D. dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon. |
| The AED is MOST advantageous to the EMT because: A. it is lightweight, easy to use, and safe for the EMT who is using it. B. it delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation. C. its use does not require the presence of ALS personnel. D. it delivers an unlimited number of shocks with the same amount of energy. | it delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation. |
| Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk? A. cephalic B. axillary C. saphenous D. subclavian | saphenous |
| You are ventilating a 40-year-old uninjured man who is apneic but has a pulse. When your partner reassesses his blood pressure, he notes that it has decreased significantly from previous readings. You elevate the patient's legs, but this action has no effect. You should: | A. reevaluate the rate and volume of your ventilations. |
| Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: | A. slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. |
| The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected: A. mandibular fractures. B. upper airway swelling. C. cervical spine injuries. D. copious oral secretions. | C. cervical spine injuries. |
| A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should: | A. administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. |
| The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi). A. 500 B. 1,000 C. 1,500 D. 2,000 | D. 2,000 |
| What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min? A. 5,600 mL | |
| How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output? | D. It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output. |
| On which of the following patients would it be MOST appropriate to use the flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device? | B. a 21-year-old male with traumatic cardiac arrest |
| A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? | C. Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation |
| A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when: B. a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen. | B. a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen. |
Created by:
Toddgfunk