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immunity test
mr.maniscaplco
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the immune system? | the bodys self defense system against disease causing organisms, malfunctioning cells |
| foreign particles that enter the body? | pathegon |
| how many lines of defense does your body have? | 3 |
| what is first line of defense is made of?(non specific defense) | physical barriers chemical barriers infllammatory response protective proteins |
| physical barriers | skin and membranes that line the body passages |
| chemical barriers | sweat, tears, saliva, mucus and stomach acids |
| Inflammatory response | stimulated by an infection caused by a pathogen that has entered the body |
| Protective Proteins | chemicals released by infected cell to protect uninfected cells |
| second line of defense (specific) | the ability of the body to fight infections through the production of antibodies |
| to function properly they must | Must be able to differentiate between “self”, and foreign invaders and substances, “non-self”. Must be able to remove them from the body. Must be able to remember each particular invader |
| to function properly they must | Must be able to differentiate between “self”, and foreign invaders and substances, “non-self”. Must be able to remove them from the body. Must be able to remember each particular invader |
| first line of defense skin | the dead or outer layer of the skin known as the epidermis forms a shield against invaders and secretes chemicals that kill potential invaders |
| chemical tears | contain enzymes that destroy microbes that get in your eye |
| mucus nose and ear hair | traps foreign particles |
| mucus and cilia | As you breathe in, foreign particles and bacteria bump into mucus throughout your respiratory system and become stuck Hair-like structures called cilia sweep this mucus into the throat for coughing or swallowing |
| stomach acid | swallowed bacteria are broken down by extremely strong acids in the stomach that break down your food the stomach must produce a coating of special mucus or this acid would eat through the stomach |
| escherichia coli | These bacteria are technically outside the body and aid in digesting material we cannot digest Only if E.Coli are introduced in an unnatural manner can they break through the first line of defense and harm us |
| The First Line of Defense ~The Inflammatory Response~ | If the pathogen gets passed the skin, chemicals or stomach acids, an Immune response or Immunological Reaction occurs. |
| Injured body cells release chemicals called histamines, that produce specific responses or symptoms, such as; | Rashes Sneezing watery eyes Capillaries dilate Pain receptors activate WBCs flock to infected area like sharks to blood |
| viruses | viruses enter body cells, hijjack their organelles, and turn the cell into a virus making factory the cell will eventually burts releasing thousands of viruses to infect new cells the infected body cells release interferon when invasion occurs |
| interferon | chemical that interferes with the ability of viruses to attack other body cells |
| how are pathogen detected | Proteins found on the surface of the pathogen that stimulate an Immune Response are known as ANTEGENS. |
| second line of defense | Proteins found on the surface of the pathogen that stimulate an Immune Response are known as ANTEGENS. |
| organs of the immune system | 1. Bone Marrow- manufactures WBC’s 2. Thymus Gland- site where WBC’s mature. 3. Lymph nodes- filter pathogens from the Lymph System 4. Spleen- filters pathogens from the blood 5. Tonsils- protects the nasal and oral cavities |
| white blood cells phagocytes | these white blood cells are responsible for eating foriegn particles by engulfing them once engulfed the phagocyte breaks the foreign particles apart in organelles called lysosomes |
| the third line of defense antibodies | wbcs of the immune system are known as lyphocytes |
| 2 types of lyphocytes | t cells mature in thymus gland b cells mature within the bone marrow |
| t cells are often called what nd why? | the natural killer because they reconize and respond to infected human cells and cancer cells t cells will attack these infected cells quickly kill them and then continue to find more cells to kill |
| HIV(humane immunodeficincy virus) | destroys t cells |
| what are b cells | reconize and erspond to bacterial c cells travel through the blood and lymph searching for foreign bodies infections |
| b cells respond to foreign bodies by | producing ANTIBODIES that attach and destroy a specific invader - Remembering the invader so if it enters the body again, the response to the invader will occur more quickly. |
| Acquired Immune Response | When the Immune System recognizes an antigen and in response produces antibodies. Antigen = protein found on the pathogen Antibodies = proteins produced by the body to respond specifically to an antigen |
| most infections dont make it past the first or second defense | those that do trigger the production and release of antibodies |
| antibodies | “Y” shaped proteins that latch onto, damage, clump, and slow foreign particles |
| every anti body connects to | only one specific antigen |
| how are antibodies produced? | WBCS called machrophages gobble up invading particles and break them up |
| b cells produce antibodies that are equipped to | find that specific piece on a new particle and attach |
| Immunity | New particles take longer to identify, and a person remains ill until a new antibody can be crafted Old particles are quickly recognized, and a person may never become ill from that invader again. This person is now immune. |
| what is immunity | resistance to a disease causing organism or harmful substance |
| what are the two types | active and passive |
| active | you produce antibodies Your body has been exposed to the antigen in the past either through: Unplanned Exposure to the actual disease causing antigen 2. Planned exposure to a form of the antigen that has been killed or weakened |
| Vaccine | dead or weakened virus |
| what are vaccines | A vaccine is a dead or weaken virus. Antigens are deliberately introduced into the immune system to produce immunity Because the virus has been killed or weakened, minimal symptoms occur |
| How long does active immunity last? | It depends on the antigen Some disease-causing viruses mutate into new forms that our body do not recognize, requiring annual vaccinations, like the flu shot Booster shot - reminds the immune system of the antigen Ex. Tet |
| passive immunity | you don't produce antibodies |
| a mother will pass immunites on to her baby during pregnency through what organ | placenta |
| These antibodies will protect the baby for a short period of time following birth while its immune system develops. What endocrine gland is responsible for this? | thymus gland |
| immune disorders allergies | The Immune system mistakenly recognizes harmless foreign particles as serious threats Launches immune response, which causes sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes Anti-histamines block effect of histamines and bring relief to allergy sufferers |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome | Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Discovered in 1983 - Specifically targets and kills T-cells -- Because normal body cells are unaffected, immune response is not launched |
| AIDS ~The Modern Plague~ | The HIV virus doesn’t kill you – it cripples your immune system With your immune system shut down, common diseases that your immune system normally could defeat become life-threatening |
| you can not show syptoms for almost | 10 years |
Created by:
katiekofod