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Gilded Age
Chapter 2-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Captains of Industry | Business leaders whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributed positively to the country in some way. |
| J.P. Morgan | American financier and banker who dominated corporate finance on Wall Street throughout the Gilded Age. He made a fortune in railroads. In 1912 a federal committee investigated him for creating unfair monopolies. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Scottish-American industrialist, and philanthropist. Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and became one of the richest Americans in history. |
| Andrew W. Mellon | American banker, businessman, industrialist, philanthropist, art collector, and politician. He established a vast business empire making wealth off of many companies. |
| John D. Rockefeller | American business magnate and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history. Made his money in the oil industry. |
| Thomas Edison | Known as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. |
| Great Railroad Strike of 1877 | Started on July 14 in Martinsburg, West Virginia, in response to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O) cutting wages of workers. Striking workers would not allow any of the trains, mainly freight trains, to roll until this third wage cut was revoked. |
| Haymarket Affair | The Haymarket Riot in Chicago in May 1886 killed several people and resulted in a highly controversial trial followed by executions of four men. The labor movement was dealt a severe setback. |
| Homestead steel strike | The Homestead Strike of 1892 was one of the most bitterly fought industrial disputes in the history of U.S. labor. The Homestead strike was a total defeat for the workers. |
| Robber Baron | Applied to powerful nineteenth-century industrialists who were viewed as having used questionable practices to amass their wealth. |
| Social Darwinism | the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. originated in the 19th century |
| settlement house movement | The settlement movement was a reformist social movement that began in the 1880s and peaked around the 1920s in England and the United States. Its goal was to bring the rich and the poor of society together. |
| Social gospel | applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, unclean environment, child labor, lack of unionization, poor schools, and the dangers of war. |
| political machines | leader or small group command the support of a corps of supporters and businesses, who receive rewards for their efforts. The machine's power is based on the ability of the boss or group to get out the vote for their candidates on election day. |
| Gilded Age | Gilded Age was an era that occurred during the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. It was an era of rising wealth and prosperity and strong rapid economic growth |
| Spoils System | a spoils system is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends, and relatives as a reward |
| Civil Service Reform | The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act is a United States federal law passed by the 47th United States Congress and signed into law by President Chester A. Arthur on January 16, 1883. |
| mugwumps and stalwarts | The Mugwumps were activists who switched parties from the Republican Party by supporting Grover Cleveland. The Stalwarts were a faction of the Republican Party that existed briefly in the United States during and after Reconstruction and the Gilded Age. |
| the Grange | fraternal organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. |
| Populist Party | The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party or simply the Populists, was a left-wing agrarian populist late-19th-century political party in the United States. |
| Coxey's Army | Coxey's Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey. They marched on Washington, D.C. in 1894, the second year of a four-year economic depression. |
Created by:
Mr.MacVickers