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Science-10 Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | The study of matter, its properties and the changes it goes through. |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and volume that takes up space is made of matter. |
| Mixture | Matter that can be physically separated and that does not have a definite composition |
| Pure substance | Matter that has a definite composition. |
| Heterogenous mixture | Different components in the mixture are visible and variable. |
| Homogenous mixture | Different components in the mixture are not visible and are constant |
| Element | Cannot be chemically broken down. |
| Compound | Can be chemically broken down |
| Leg of definite proportions | Molecules always combine in the same way (every carbon dioxide molecule is 1 carbon and 2 oxygen). |
| Dalton model of the atom | -atoms are the smallest particles - al atoms of the same element are identical -atoms of different substances are different |
| Thomson model of the molecule | -there are subatomic particles called electrons -um pudding model -cereal!! |
| Rutherford model of the atom | -gold foil experiment - planetary model |
| Bohr model of the atom | -electron energy models -what we use today |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in the nucleus. Identifies the element. (Top left) |
| Atomic mass | The number of protons and the number of neutrons. (Top right) |
| Isotopes | When the same element has a different amount of neutrons |
| Nuclear notation | Tells us information about the nucleus/nucleons |
| Periodic table | Organizes about 118 elements based on their characteristics. Made by Dmitri Medeleev |
| Metal | -shiny - malleable - strong conductor of electricity and heat -solid(except mercury) -found to the left of the staircase |
| Non- metal | -dull - brittle -weak conductor of heat and electricity - solid, liquid, or gas -found to the right of the stair case |
| Metalloids | -semiconductors if electricity -lustrous -brittle -found along the stair case |
| Energy level rules | Level and #E 1 - 2 2 - 8 3 - 8 4 - 18 5 - 18 |
| Valence electron | The electrons in he outermost energy level |
| Lewis dot diagram | Includes only the valence electrons Draw dots clockwise |
| Period | The horizontal rows- number of the period = number of energy levels |
| Chemical reaction | Occur because atoms want to become more stable |
| Ion | A charged atom |
| Anion | A negatively charged atom |
| Cation | A positively charged atom |
| Naming metal ions | Add the word ion |
| Naming non metal ions | Change the ending to “ide” and add the word ion. |
| Chemical bond | A force of attraction between atoms that keeps them together |
| Metallic bonds | -found in metals -atoms share electrons in outer shells - this holds metal atoms together very strongly |
| Ionic bonds | -between metals and non metals -the transfer of electrons from on atom to another -the (+) and (-) ions attract each other |
| Crystal lattice | Pattern that is a result of ionic compounds |
| Covalent bonds | -found in non metals - atoms sharing valence electrons |
Created by:
Layspotatochips
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