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IB Chem B SL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anabolic | complex molecules from smaller inorganic or organic substances |
| Catabolic | complex molecules broken to smaller fragments |
| condensation reaction | common anabolic reaction releasing water |
| hydrolysis reaction | common catabolic reaction adding water |
| Monomer for protein | amino acid |
| Monomer for charbohydrate | monosaccharide |
| Isoelectric point | pH at which an amino acid is electrically neutral |
| Zwitterion | a substance that has both positive and negative charged groups |
| Protein primary structure | amino acid sequence of the protein (intramolecular forces). Covalent (amide peptide) bonding |
| Protein secondary structure | due to regular repeating hydrogen bonding along the same peptide chain and may consist of turns known as α–helix, or sheets known as β–pleated sheets. |
| Protein tertiary structure | due to the R side groups (note these are called intramolecular forces) |
| Protein quaternary structure | The relationship of the polypeptide to other polypeptides |
| Fibrous proteins | insoluble structural components that are elongated with a dominant secondary structure |
| Globular proteins | soluble functional tools that have a spherical shape and a dominant tertiary structure |
| denature | when a protein loses its tertiary structure hence its activity |
| substrate | substance (reactant) that binds to the enzyme |
| active site | area in the tertiary structure of the protein that acts on the substrate |
| co-factors | proteins that bind to the enzyme to allow the active site to function |
| co-enzymes | another term for co-factor |
| 3 major group of lipids | triglycerides, phopholipids, steroids |
| Iodine number | number of grams of iodine that react with 100g of fat |
| Rancidity | the chemical or biological decomposition of fats and oils that produces unpleasant odours. |
| Hydrolytic rancidity | caused by the hydrolysis of ester bonds on exposure to water |
| Oxidative rancidity | caused by oxygen free radical reactions with double bonds and is accelerated by sunlight |
| hydrophilic | attracted to water (small and polar) |
| hydrophobic | not attracted to water (large and non polar) |
| LDL | (low density lipoproteins) associated with increasing cardiovascular disease |
| HDL | (high density liproproteins) associated with lowering cardiovascular disease |
| Macronutrients | substances that make up more than 0.005% of our body weight |
| Micronutrients | substances that make up less than 0.005% of our body weight |
| Vitamins | organic micronutrients that cannot be synthesized by the organism in sufficient amounts and must either be obtained from suitable foods or taken as food supplements. |
| Malnutrition | the lack of regular, balanced supply of nutrients |
| Xenobiotics | chemical compounds that are found in a living organism, but which are foreign to that organism |
| Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) | Xenobiotics that remain the in environment for long periods of time without being metabolized |
| Green chemistry | an approach that works to minimize the use and generation of hazardous chemicals. |
| Atom economy | the ratio of masses to determine the practical reaction yield. |
Created by:
andrewweng0406
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