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Unit 5 Geometry
Geometry Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Base | a face of a three-dimensional shape (solid), usually the face on which it stands |
| edge | the line segment along which two faces of a three-dimensional shape (solid) meet |
| vertex or corner | the point at which the sides of a two-dimensional (flat) shape or the edges of a three-dimensional shape (solid) intersect |
| triangular prism | a three-dimensional shape (solid) with 2 triangular bases and 3 rectangular faces |
| face | a flat surface of a three-dimensional shape (solid) |
| cube | a three-dimensional shape (solid) whose 6 faces are all squares |
| prism | a three-dimensional shape with 2 congruent bases that each have 3 or more sides |
| rectangular prism | a three-dimensional shape (solid) whose 6 faces are all rectangles |
| scale | to increase or decrease in size by a particular ratio |
| symmetry | the property of a shape that can be folded so that the two halves match exactly |
| line of symmetry | a real or imaginary line that divides a shape into two mirror images |
| reflection | a flip of a geometric figure |
| rotation | a turn of a geometric figure |
| translation | a slide of a geometric figure |
| congruent | of the same shape and size; two shapes are congruent if one can be exactly superimposed onto the other using a sequence of rotations, reflections, and/or translations |
| degree | a unit used to measure the size of angles; 1 degree is equal to 1⁄36 of a full rotation |
| angle | the figure formed by 2 rays or line segments that share an endpoint; often measured in terms of the amount of rotation (expressed as some number of degrees) needed to superimpose one of those rays or line segments onto the other |
| right angle | an angle with a measure of exactly 90° |
| straight angle | an angle with a measure of exactly 180° |
| obtuse angle | an angle with a measure greater than 90° and less than 180° |
| acute angle | an angle with a measure greater than 0° and less than 90° |
| zero angle | an angle whose measure is zero degrees |
| protractor | a tool used to measure angles (including angles you want to draw) |
| hemisphere | half of a sphere |
| circle | a two-dimensional (flat) shape made by drawing a curve that is always the same distance from a point called the center |
| circumference | the distance around a circle, cylinder, or widest part of a sphere |
| radius | any line segment that extends from the center of a circle to a point on the circumference of the circle |
| diameter | a line segment between two points on a circle that passes through the center of the circle |
| line | a set of connected points that continues in both directions without end (if it has two endpoints it is a line segment, and if it has one endpoint and continues in one direction without end, it is a ray) |
| parallel | always the same distance apart |
| intersecting lines | lines that contain one common point |
| perpendicular | intersecting at right angles |
| line segment | the set of all points between two endpoints |
| ray | a set of connected points that continues in one direction without end |
| triangle | a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 3 sides |
| isosceles triangle | a triangle with exactly 2 congruent sides |
| scalene triangle | a triangle whose sides are all of different lengths |
| equilateral triangle | a triangle with all sides the same length |
| right angle | an angle with a measure of exactly 90° |
| hexagon | a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 6 sides |
| rectangle | a two-dimensional (flat) shape with two pairs of parallel sides (4 sides total) and 4 right angles |
| rhombus | a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 4 congruent sides |
| quadrilateral | a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 4 sides |
| square | a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 4 congruent sides and 4 right angles |
| parallelogram | a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 4 sides, with both pairs of opposite sides parallel |
| trapezoid | a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 4 sides, exactly 1 pair of which are parallel |
| polygon | a closed two-dimensional (flat) shape with 3 or more sides |
| pentagon | a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 5 sides |
| square unit | a square with sides that measure 1 unit, used to measure area |
| cubic unit | a unit used to measure volume (e.g., cubic centimeter, cubic inch) |
| tile | to cover in square units to measure or illustrate area |
| perimeter | the distance in linear units around a two-dimensional (flat) figure; the perimeter of a circle is called the circumference P= (2 x width) + (2 x length) |
| volume | the total number of cubic units needed to fill a three-dimensional space |
| area | the total number of square units needed to cover a two-dimensional surface A= length x width |
Created by:
johnstom
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