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Apologia Chem M 8

Apologia Module 8: Stoichiometry

QuestionAnswer
stoichiometry relating the quantities of different substances in a chemical equation
limiting reactant limits the amount of product that can be formed in the chemical reactiom
When there is more than one reactant in a chemical equation, one of the reactants will ______ ______ first, stopping the entire reaction. run out
In more complex chemical equations, the relationships between quantities of substances depend only on the quantity of the limiting reactant.
When reactants are added so that all reactants are used up, we say that they have ______________ _____________________. reacted completely
Chemists often use stoichiometry to determine the quantity of a reactant necessary to make a certain amount of product.
When extra reactant is added to make sure that the other reactant is the limiting reactant, it is called adding excess reactant.
We can use the relationship given by a chemical equation to convert the number of MOLES of one substance into the number of MOLES of another substance.
stoichiometric coefficients the numbers that appear to the left of each substance in a chemical equation
The coefficients of substances in a chemical equation are used to develop a conversion relationship between a substance w/ a KNOWN quantity & a substance with an UNKNOWN quantity.
Gay-Lussac's Law the stoichiometric coefficients in a chemical equation relate the VOLUME of GASES in an equation
Gay-Lussac's Law can be used in stoichiometry ONLY if the substances being compared in the problem are GASES.
Gay-Lussac's Law CANNOT convert from moles to liters.
We usually report a substance's MASS, therefore we usually report the quantity of a substance in GRAMS, not moles.
When we know how many MOLES of a reactant that we need, we can THEN convert to grams.
To use stoichiometry, we must have our quantity in MOLES. If a problem gives us the amount of a substance in grams, we must convert to moles BEFORE using stoichiometry.
There is ______________ that will give us a conversion relationship between the MASSES of two different chemicals. nothing
To determine the MASS relationship between one chemical and another in a chemical equation, we must convert to moles.
The MASS of a single molecule of a chemical tells us how many GRAMS it takes to make one mole of that chemical.`
Once we have the amount of a chemical in moles, we can use the chemical equation to determine the conversion relationship.
molecular formula a chemical formula that provides the # of each type of ATOM in a molecule
empirical formula a chemical formula that provides a simple, whole-number ratio for the atoms in a molecule
To go from a molecular formula to an empirical formula, we must find the common factor and divide by it.
molar mass the mass of one mole of a given compound; the conversion relationship that goes from grams to moles
Created by: MrsHough
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