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Apologia Chem M 8
Apologia Module 8: Stoichiometry
Question | Answer |
---|---|
stoichiometry | relating the quantities of different substances in a chemical equation |
limiting reactant | limits the amount of product that can be formed in the chemical reactiom |
When there is more than one reactant in a chemical equation, one of the reactants will ______ ______ first, stopping the entire reaction. | run out |
In more complex chemical equations, the relationships between quantities of substances depend only on the quantity of | the limiting reactant. |
When reactants are added so that all reactants are used up, we say that they have ______________ _____________________. | reacted completely |
Chemists often use stoichiometry to | determine the quantity of a reactant necessary to make a certain amount of product. |
When extra reactant is added to make sure that the other reactant is the limiting reactant, it is called adding | excess reactant. |
We can use the relationship given by a chemical equation to convert the number of MOLES of one substance into the | number of MOLES of another substance. |
stoichiometric coefficients | the numbers that appear to the left of each substance in a chemical equation |
The coefficients of substances in a chemical equation are used to develop a conversion relationship between a substance w/ a KNOWN quantity | & a substance with an UNKNOWN quantity. |
Gay-Lussac's Law | the stoichiometric coefficients in a chemical equation relate the VOLUME of GASES in an equation |
Gay-Lussac's Law can be used in stoichiometry ONLY | if the substances being compared in the problem are GASES. |
Gay-Lussac's Law CANNOT convert from | moles to liters. |
We usually report a substance's MASS, therefore we usually report the quantity of a substance in | GRAMS, not moles. |
When we know how many MOLES of a reactant that we need, we can THEN convert | to grams. |
To use stoichiometry, we must have our quantity in | MOLES. If a problem gives us the amount of a substance in grams, we must convert to moles BEFORE using stoichiometry. |
There is ______________ that will give us a conversion relationship between the MASSES of two different chemicals. | nothing |
To determine the MASS relationship between one chemical and another in a chemical equation, we must | convert to moles. |
The MASS of a single molecule of a chemical tells us | how many GRAMS it takes to make one mole of that chemical.` |
Once we have the amount of a chemical in moles, we can | use the chemical equation to determine the conversion relationship. |
molecular formula | a chemical formula that provides the # of each type of ATOM in a molecule |
empirical formula | a chemical formula that provides a simple, whole-number ratio for the atoms in a molecule |
To go from a molecular formula to an empirical formula, we must | find the common factor and divide by it. |
molar mass | the mass of one mole of a given compound; the conversion relationship that goes from grams to moles |