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BIO-100 Ch 5 Learn I
Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Other names for the __________________system are the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which refers to the two main parts of the system (the stomach and intestines), and the alimentary canal, which refers to the function of the tubelike nature of the majority | digestive |
| The digestive system begins in the oral cavity, passes through the ____________cavity in the mediastinum, crosses the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity, and finally exits at the anus. | thoracic |
| The inner tunic is the mucosa, which secretes gastric juices, absorbs nutrients, and protects the tissue through the production of mucus, a thick, slimy emission. | mucosa |
| The muscularis, two layers of circular and longitudinal muscles that contract and relax around the tube in a wavelike movement termed peristalsis. | peristalsis |
| The digestive function of the oral cavity is to break down the food mechanically by chewing (________________) and lubricate the food to make swallowing (deglutition) easier. | mastication |
| The small vertical depression above the upper lip (and under the nose) is called the_____________.. | philtrum |
| Several glands secrete mucus in the oral cavity. The ______ glands are located throughout the inner cheek wall, while the molar glands are on the cheek near the back teeth, the labial glands are located inside the lips and surrounding the mouth, and the p | buccal |
| The _____________ is a tag of flesh that hangs down from the medial surface of the soft palate. It has a role in the production of speech and the initiation of gag reflex. | uvula |
| The thin, hard outer covering of the tooth is the__________, while the dentin is the calcified second layer of the tooth. | enamel |
| The upper cuspids are also called eyeteeth. | eyeteeth. |
| _____________ moistens the oral cavity and aids in chewing and swallowing. | Saliva |
| The three main divisions of the pharynx are nasopharynx, oropharynx, and___________ | hypopharynx. |
| The hypopharynx is also called the ____________ because of its proximity to the larynx. | laryngopharynx |
| A_________is a masticated lump of food. | |
| The muscles that must relax before the food enters the stomach are the lower esophageal, gastroesophageal, and___________ | cardiac sphincter. |
| The________ is a double-sided membrane that holds many of the organs inside the abdominopelvic cavity. | peritoneum |
| _____________is an abnormal accumulation of peritoneal fluid in the abdominopelvic cavity. | Ascites |
| The aorta, kidneys, ureters, duodenum, and pancreas are outside and behind the peritoneum in the retroperitoneum. | retroperitoneum |
| The _____________ are folds of peritoneum that extend from the stomach, further compartmentalizing the peritoneal cavity and serving as sites of fat deposition, protecting against trauma and infection, and providing an immune support function. | Omenta |
| The ________ omentum (also termed the omental bursa) extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach and connects to the liver. | lesser |
| The _______________ is an expandable saclike vessel located between the esophagus and the small intestines. | stomach |
| _______________ protects the stomach and the rest of the digestive system from the acidic nature of the gastric juices. | Mucus |
| The stomach is divided into three main sections: the____________, the body, and the pylorus. | fundus, |
| The division of the small intestine are duodenum, jejunum and ___________. | ileum |
| ____________ contains thousands of tiny projections and blood capillaries that aid with absorption of carbohydrate and protein as part of the digestion process. | Plicae |
| ____________ are the lymphatic vessels that assists with absorption of lipid substances from the chyme. | Lacteals |
| The large intestine is about _________ feet long, but it is wider in diameter than the small intestines. | five |
| The primary function of the large intestine is _____________ products from the body. | elimination of waste |
| The___________________ is the exit from the small intestine and the entrance to the colon. | ileocecal valve |
| The feces pass from the cecum to the _______________ colon, bending at the hepatic flexure to cross the abdomen at the transverse colon, bending downward at the splenic flexure to become the de | ascending |
| The accessory organs of the digestive system are the gallbladder (GB), liver, and ________________. | pancreas |
| The purpose of bile is to _________________________________ | emulsify fats into smaller particles so that they can be chemically digested. |
| Bile is composed of bilirubin and . | cholesterol |
| ____________________ is the hormone released that causes the gallbladder to contract and release bile. | Cholecystokinin |
| The pancreas is involved in the digestion of three types of food molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, ____________. | and lipids |
| The oral cavity begins at the lips, the two fleshy structures surrounding its opening. The upper lip is termed the labium _____________ and the lower lip, the labium inferioris. | superioris |
| The______________ regulates the gentle release of food from the stomach into the small intestine. | pyloric sphincter |
| The small intestine gets its name, not because of its length but because of the ________________ of its lumen. | diameter |
Created by:
Corey Christian