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Science Chp 6 Gr 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Any chemical or physical agent that can cause a mutation in DNA | Mutagen |
| The “factory” that assembles proteins based on DNA code | Ribosome |
| The information in DNA is coded in order of what along one side of the DNA molecule | Nucleotides |
| James Watson and Francis Crick | Made models to figure out DNA’s shape |
| In a DNA molecule what bases pair together | Thymine and adenine |
| A gene can be | A set of instructions for a trait, instructions for making a protein and a portion of a strand of DNA |
| DNA | Is found in all organisms, has a structure like a twisted ladder, and mistakes can be made when DNA is copied |
| Where are proteins assembled within a cell? | Cytoplasm |
| Changes in the type or order of the bases in DNA are called | Mutations |
| What would the complementary strand of DNA for the following bases be: CTTAGGCTTACCA | GATTCCGAATGGT |
| If the DNA sequence TGAGCCATGA is changed to TGAGCACATGA, what mutation has occurred | Insertion |
| Explain how the DNA in genes relates to the traits of an organism | A gene consists of a string of nucleotides that give the cell information about how to make a specific trait |
| Why is DNA frequently found associated with proteins inside of cells | The job of unwinding, opting, and re-winding the DNA is done by protein within a cell |
| What’s the difference between DNA and RNA | DNA and RNA are both molecules found in living cells. DNA contains information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live, while RNA plays a role in cell production |
| Explain how proteins are made | 1. A mirrorlike copy of the gene segment is made of RNA 2. The mRNA Segment is fed through the ribosome 3. Transfer RNA molecules pick up amino acids from cytoplasm 4. Molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) deliver amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome 5. Amin |
| The following DNA sequence codes for how many amino acids: TCAGCCTATGGA | 5 amino acids |
| Why does the government make laws about the use of chemicals that are known to be mutagens. | Because DNA fingerprinting identifies the unique pattern in an individuals DNA |
| How much DNA does a single cell in your body hold | 2 m of DNA |
| What shape does DNA take in a cell that lacks a nucleus | Loose loop |
| What are the structures that strands of DNA are bundled into in a cell with a nucleus called | Chromosomes |
| A string of nucleotides that give the cell information about a certain trait | Gene |
| How many chromosomes does a human cell have before division | 46 chromosomes |
| When a cell is ready to divide how many chromatids make up a chromosome. | Two identical chromatids |
| What code is read like a book | DNA |
| What is the alphabet of the code made of | Bases |
| Groups of three bases are the codes for specific what | Amino acids |
| What does a long string of amino acids form. | Protein |
| Instructions for making a protein are given by each what | Gene |
| Name two examples of things proteins help determine about you | How tall you grow and what colors you can see |
| The name for RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| Several forms of RNA help change DNA code into what | Proteins |
| What is so similar to DNA that it can serve as a temporary copy of a DNA sequence | RNA |
| What is the mirror like copy of DNA that moves from the nucleus to the ribosome | Messenger RNA |
| What is another form of RNA that matches amino acids with the bases on the messenger RNA | Transfer RNA |
| What are changes in the number, type, or order of bases on a piece of DNA known as | Mutations |
| A base pair is added | Insertion |
| A base pair is replaced | Substitution |
| A base pair is removed | Deletion |
| What physical or chemical agents can cause mutations in DNA | Mutagen |
| List two examples of mutagens | Hugh energy radiation from x rays and ultraviolet radiation |
| What mutation is sickle cell disease caused by | Substitution mutation |
| What’s the manipulation of individual genes within organisms by scientists called | Genetic engineering |
| What are two possible uses of genetic engineering | Using cows to produce human proteins and creating new products such as drugs, food or fabric |
| Because DNA is unique, what can identify the unique patterns in an individual’s DNA and help solve crimes | DNA fingerprinting |
| Who only has truly identical DNA | Identical twins |
| What is a scientifically created organism that has an exact copy of another organism’s genes | Clone |
| What are chromosomes made of | Protein and DNA |
| What is the name of the material that determines inherited characteristics | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| What are the subunits of DNA called | Nucleotides |
| What two things must DNA be able to do | Give instructions for building and maintaining cells and it must be able to be copied each time a cell divides |
| Why must DNA be able to be copied | So that each cell contains identical genes |
| Why were scientists surprised about how much the DNA molecules could do | Because they thought only COMPLEX molecules could give instructions and be copied during cell division |
| What three things is a nucleotide made of | A sugar, a phosphate and a base |
| What are the four bases of a nucleotide | Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine |
| What four letters stand for the four types of bases | A, T, G, and C |
| According to Chargaff’s rules the amount of adenine always equals the amount of what | Thymine |
| According to Chargaff’s rules, the amount of guanine always equals the amount of what | Cytosine |
| Rosalind Franklin used a process known as what to make images of DNA molecules | X Ray diffraction |
| What shape did Franklin’s images show | Images shoes that DNA has a spiral shape |
| What did James Watson and Francis Crick’s model of DNA look like | A long twisted ladder |
| Wha two things did this model eventually help explain | How DNA is copied and how it functions in the cell |
| What is the twisted ladder shape of the DNA called | Double helix |
| What molecules form the sides of the ladder | Alternating sugar parts and phosphate parts |
| What are the rungs of the DNA ladder made of | A pair of bases |
| Pairs with adenines are | Thymine |
| Pairs with guanine are | Cytosine |
| How did the double helix structure match Chargaff’s observations | When Chargaff’s separated the parts of a sample of DNA, he found that the matching bases were always present in equal amounts |
| The pairing of bases allows the cell to do what | Replicate, or make copies of DNA |
| Both sides of a DNA molecule are what | Complementary meaning they bind only with their match |
| Where is a molecule split during replication | Molecule splits down the middle where each of the bases meet |
| After a DNA molecule splits, what is added to each side of the ladder | Complementary nucleotides are added to each side of the ladder |
| How often is DNA copied | Every time a cell divides |
| What in the DNA helps with unwinding, copying and rewinding | Proteins within the cell |
Created by:
romfo5