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Microbiology
Chapter #12 ?
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which type of symbiosis benefits both members | Mutualism |
| The mold that produces penicillin is an example of | Amensalism |
| The presence of microbes in or on the body is an | Contamination |
| All of the following areas of the human body contain normal flora except the | Peritoneum |
| Bacterial endotoxins are | Components of the gram-negative cell wall |
| When a pathogen spreads from the original site to other tissues or organs it is called | Focal infection |
| A disease that is generally present in a given population is | Endemic |
| Which of the following is not considered to be a vehicle transmission | Droplet |
| Which of the following is likely to be the most frequently used portal of entry | Respiratory tract |
| Infection that may result from the use of catheters are classified as | Iatrogenic infections |
| The symbiotic relationship in which one of the organisms benefits and the other is not harmed or helped is referred to as | Commensalism |
| A flora found in the same location as the residents flora, but which remains only for a given amount of time is called a | Transient flora |
| A microorganism capable of causing disease is called a | Pathogen |
| A vector that transmit pathogens and also serves as host for a part of the pathogens life cycle is a | Biological vector |
| A worldwide epidemic is considered a | Pandemic disease |
| Describe how microbes of a normal flora in the human body can become opportunistic pathogens | Normal flora can become opportunistic pathogens if: conditions suppress the immune system, there are changes in the balance of the normal flora, the normal flora enter into an area of the body they normally don’t inhabit. |
| Describe the 3 basic approaches used by epidemiologist to study the dynamics of a disease in popuation 1 | Descriptive epidemiology—collecting and tabulating data concerning the disease. Analytical epidemiology—demonstrating cause and effect relationships using data from descriptive epidemiology. |
| Describe the 3 basic approaches used by epidemiologist to study the dynamics of a disease in popuation 2 | Experimental epidemiology—experimental testing of hypotheses regarding a specific disease/outbreak. |
| Discuss Koch's postulates and their limitations 1 | 1. Suspected pathogen must be present in every case of disease and absent in healthy individuals. 2. Must be able to isolate pathogen from diseased host and grow it in pure culture outside of the host. |
| Discuss Koch's postulates and their limitations 2 | 3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy host. 4. The same pathogen must be isolated from the newly diseased host. |
| Discuss Koch's postulates and their limitations 3 | Exceptions to Koch’s Postulates:1 • Some pathogens can’t be cultured in the laboratory. • Many infectious diseases can be caused by several different pathogens. |
| Discuss Koch's postulates and their limitations 4 | Exceptions to Koch’s Postulates:2 • A particular pathogen can sometimes cause different diseases. • Some pathogens are exclusively human pathogens and ethics may prevent human inoculation to attempt to prove a pathogen is causing a disease. |
| Describe the necessary steps a microbe must take before it can cause infection and disease | Adhesion to host cells or tissue Colonization within tissues Invasion through the growth and spread of the organism Evasion of host defenses involves the ability to avoid the host immune response. |
| Discuss healthcare- associated (nosocomial) infections (HAIs) 1 | HAIs are infections acquired as a result of treatment or working in healthcare facilities. These facilities serve sick people who are capable of shedding pathogens. |
| Discuss healthcare- associated (nosocomial) infections (HAIs) 2 | Transmission of pathogens and the development of resistant strains are increasingly becoming a problem to public health. |
Created by:
Alymm91