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mitchell midterm
World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Louis XVI was forced to accept the National Assembly's decrees because | thousands of armed parisians descended on the palace |
| Napoleon's agreement with the Catholic Church did what? | recognized Catholicism as the majority religion of France |
| In 1812, the Russians were able to defeat Napoleon's Grand Army by | retreating and burning villages behind them |
| The Reign of Terror set up revolutionary courts to prosecute who? | Counterrevolutionaries and traitors |
| After the Reign of Terror ended, the new government did what? | was unable to solve France's problems |
| According to the principles of intervention, | the great powers had the right to send armies into countries under revolution to restore legitimate monarchs |
| What is the French parliament called? | Estates-General |
| What is the social class made up of the French clergy? | First Estate |
| What was the name taken by the Third Estate with the promise to draft a new constitution? | National Assembly |
| What is the French middle class called? | bourgeosisie |
| What is a land tax that hurt the Third Estate the most? | taille |
| Which countries formed a coalition against France after the execution of Louis XVI? | Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic |
| Promotion within Napoleon's new bureaucracy was what? | based on ability rather than rank or birth |
| The allied states joined Napoleon's struggle because they | had been defeated by Napoleon and were forced to take his side |
| The economic crisis that triggered the French Revolution was caused by what? | bad harvests and a slowdown in manufacturing |
| Who was the executive under the Constitution of 1795? | Directory |
| A person who qualified to vote in an election | elector |
| A sudden overthrow of the government | coup d'etat |
| The political club that was most influential in passing the decree to condemn Louis XVI | the Mountain |
| Policies of the Committee of Public Safety to defend France from domestic threats | Reign of Terror |
| How did Louis XVI's plan to use force against the Third Estate backfire? | The peasants know about it and stormed the Bastille, destroying royal authority |
| The economic crisis that triggered the French Revolution was caused in part by | Inflation and widespread unemployment |
| After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, European rulers moved to | restore monarchs to their position of power |
| Promotion within Napoleon's new bureaucracy was | based on ability only, not rank or birth |
| Which event ushered in the Reign of Terror? | execution of Louis XVI |
| What does intervention mean in , "The great powers adopted a principle of intervention."? | interference |
| Which of the following conditions caused the collapse of Napoleon's Grand Empire? | the drain of Napoleon's many wars |
| Napoleon's empire collapsed because of | Napoleon's greed and laziness within his bureaucracy |
| During most of the French Revolution, Napoleon was what? | Serving in the French military |
| The arrangements worked out at the Congress of Vienna | were a victory for those who believed in conservatism |
| Which of the following statements about Napoleon is true? | Napoleon set out to conquer Egypt, but ended up abandoning his troops there |
| The principles of the French Revolution inspired the development of liberal, or _______, traditions in the Napoleonic Empire. | broad-minded |
| Under Robespierre, the Convention pursued a policy of de-Christianization because its members believed that | church and state should be separate |
| The French Revolution echoed the eighteenth-century Enlightenment in calling for | a new social order |
| Napoleon's new government after 1799 | the consulate |
| Napoleon's unified system of law | Civil Code |
| Unique cultural identity of a people | Nationalism |
| Kingdoms ruled by Napoleon's relatives | dependent states |
| countries defeated by Napoleon and forced to join his struggle against Britain | Allied states |
| Napoleon's downfall began in 1812, when he decided to | invade Russia |
| Why did the nineteenth century become more secular? | People looked increasingly to science for answers rather than to faith |
| Why did coal production expand greatly during the Industrial Revolution? | coal was needed to produce iron and to run steam engines |
| The ability to produce higher-quality iron helped increase industrialization because | better machines could be built from iron |
| How did the railroads guarantee the success of the Industrial Revolution? | Goods could be moved faster from the factories to the places they would be sold |
| The social change brought about by the Industrial Revolution was evident in the | emergence of the middle class and the working class |
| What is the meaning of the word intervention ? | curiosity about a situation in another country |
| The Frankfurt Assembly failed to achieve | German Unification |
| Why did Latin America continue to be economically dependent on other countries, such as Great Britain? | The Latin American countries could not afford to manufacture anything, so they sent their resources overseas to be turned into products |
| The new republican governments struggled because | they had no experience with self-rule |
| One reason Great Britain led the way in the Industrial Revolution was that it | Had a lot of money and natural resources |
| Hungary and Austria shared the same | monarch |
| The social change brought about by the Industrial Revolution was evident in the | emergence of the middle class and working class |
| After Louis-Philippe gave up his throne in the revolution of 1848 | the monarch ended |
| Romantic painters aimed to | mirror the artist's imagination |
| Abolitionism threatened to remove much of the free labor from the Southern plantations in the United States. Abolitionism was | a movement to do away with slavery |
| The 1848 revolution in France resulted in | creation of the Second Empire |
| Industrialization spread rapidly in both Europe and the United States thanks to | railroads |
| The greatest threat to American unity in the mid-1800s was | slavery |
| The textile industry in England met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of | improvements to the steam engine |
| How did industrialization create new social classes as well as the conditions for the development of socialism? | Bad working conditions created a working class and led reformers to suggest socialism to equalize the wealth and control working conditions |
| Louis Pasteur proposed | the germ theory of disease |
| Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar led South American independence movements against | Spain |
| When two Italian states rebelled in 1848, all nine Italian states were controlled by | various European powers |
| Because they devoted their economies to exporting cash crops, Latin American countries | were dependent of foreigners for manufactured goods |
| The Industrial Revolution increased people's interest in | scientific research |
| After France's 1848 revolution, Louis-Napoleon restored | the monarchy |
| papal states and _________________ were also added to the Kingdom of Piedmont. | Parma, Modena, and Tuscany |
| The factory created a new labor system in which | people worked regular hours and did the same work over and over |
| The Industrial Revolution started in Britain partly because its rivers provided | transportation and power |
| Two kingdoms that achieved unification in the mid-1800s were | Italy and Germany |
| Revolutionary leaders in Latin America were inspired by | The American Revolution |
| The harsh conditions created by the Industrial Revolution gave rise to | a movement towards socialism |
| Even though Austria had regained a centralized government, after a defeat in 1866 it was forced to give some control to | the Hungarian ethnic group within its empire |
| What happened as a result of the Frankfurt Assembly's offer of the crown to the Prussian ruler? | He refused to become the emperor because he did not was to owe his crown to voting public |
| The young entrepreneur already started three different businesses, all of them profitable. An entrepreneur is a person who | figures out new businesses for making money |
| What did the Austrian government want to do after agreeing to make reforms | take back control of the nations in its empire |
| Why did revolutions in the major cities of the Austrian Empire fall in 1848 and 1849? | Austrian officials made some concessions and used its military forces and that of the Russian Army |
| Spanish and Portuguese colonial empire were weakened when | Napoleon overthrew their monarchies in Europe |
| Although the United States was the richest country in the world in 1900, most of the wealth was owned by | 10% of the population |
| Which of the following caused both migration to the cities and higher survival rates of city dwellers? | factories and public sanitation |
| The Zionist movement began when | Jews emigrated to Palestine to escape persecution |
| Sigmund Freud claimed that human behavior was ruled by | repressed childhood experiences |
| petroleum industry developed in | Austro-Hungarian Empire |
| Problems associated with rapid urbanization included | substandard housing and poor sanitation |
| Why did steel, electricity, chemicals, and petroleum take the place of textiles, railroads, iron, and coal in making the Second Industrial Revolution successful? | they were needed go make businesses more productive |
| Russia opposed Austria-Hungary's 1908 annexation of | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| According to Freud, human experience was strongly determined by | past experiences |
| Which invention led to the efficient mass production of goods? | the assembly line |
| Many workers reacted to poor working conditions by | organizing to pass laws or make reforms |
| In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the little-industrialized nations of southern and eastern Europe | provide food and raw materials for industrial countries |
| When Kaiser William II said he wanted to find Germany's "Place in the sun," he meant that he wanted to find Germany's | most dominant position |
| What industries developed in the United Kingdom? | steel and chemicals |
| Scientific discoveries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries | increased uncertainty about the universe |
| The class of society in Europe that believed strongly in hard work and outward appearances was the | middle class |
| What do Monet and van Gogh have in common? | They painted using new forms of expression |
| Many people believed that suffrage was the way to gain rights. IN this context, what does the word suffrage mean? | the right to vote |
| Europe dominated the world economy in the late 19th century as a result of its | capital and industries |
| During the late 19th century, what did working-class women in Europe do to begin to change their status? | worked outside the home |
| In the big cities, people tended to enjoy the new mass leisure | during evening hours and weekends |
| In the United States, the Second Industrial Revolution produced wealth that was | concentrated in the hands of few |
| the right to vote | suffrage |
| the largest class in the European population after 1870 | working class |
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abbywang10