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Metals
GCSE chemistry and combined chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| For the extraction of which metals is electrolysis needed? | Ones more reactive than carbon, e.g. aluminium |
| What are the two main disadvantages of using electrolysis to extract metals? | Requires a large amount of energy to melt the compounds and to produce the necessary electricity |
| Why is aluminium oxide mixed with cryolite when extracting aluminium? | To lower the melting point |
| What is produced at the anode and cathode in the electrolysis of aluminium oxide? | Aluminium at the cathode and oxygen at the anode |
| Why does the anode need to be replaced in the electrolysis of aluminium oxide? | The oxygen reacts with the carbon electrode to produce carbon dioxide. |
| What is the reactivity series? | A list of elements ordered by their reactivity. (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, (C), Zn, Fe, (H), Cu, Ag, Au) |
| How can metals be placed in order of their reactivity? | Add the metals to water or acid and see which ones react the most (by how much fizzing there is) |
| What is the name for a reaction where oxygen is removed from a compound? | Reduction |
| Explain why zinc can be extracted from zinc oxide with carbon but magnesium cannot be extracted from magnesium oxide with carbon | Magnesium is more reactive than carbon (1), Zinc is less reactive than carbon (1), Carbon can therefore remove oxygen from zinc oxide but not magnesium oxide (1) |
| Explain why gold and silver can be found naturally in the Earth's crust | It is very unreactive |
| What process is used to extract metals more reactive than carbon? Why? | Electrolysis. It is a stronger form of reduction. |
| Define an ore | A material containing enough metal in it for it to be economically worthwhile to extract the metal. |
| Define a displacement reaction | A reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in one of its compounds or in solution |
| Which of the substances below has been oxidized and which has been reduced? Al³⁺ + Fe → Fe³⁺ + Al | Aluminium has been reduced and iron has been oxidised |
| Show two half equations for the reaction below: Al³⁺ + Fe → Fe³⁺ + Al | Al³⁺ + 3e⁻ → Al, Fe → Fe³⁺ + 3e- |
| What is phytoextraction | Growing plants on areas of low grade ore, to concentrate the metal in the plant then extracting the metal from the plant. |
| Why use phytoextraction | Allows us to extract ores from sites where it would not otherwise be cost effective. |
| What are the stages of a life cycle assessment? | Effect on the environment of; obtaining raw materials, manufacturing the product, using the product and disposing of the product. |
| How is copper extracted from its ore? | Heating with carbon. |
| In this displacement reaction. What is oxidised and what is reduced? CuSO4 + Mg → MgSO4 + Cu | Copper gains electrons and is reduced. Magnesium loses electrons and is oxidised. |
Created by:
JBearfield
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