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Exam 16 & 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| D Mesentary | |
| the layer of the alimentary tube that is a serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs is the: A mucosa B submucosa C external muscle layer D mesentary | |
| the function of salivary amylase is to begin the digestion of: A fats B starches C proteins D cholesterol | B starches |
| A Bile | |
| the digestive function of the liver is the production of A bile B albumin C lipase D cholesterol | |
| D food enter the stomach | |
| the duodenum produces hormones when: A the duodenum is empty B the pH of digested food is too high C the pH of digested food must be lowered D food enters from the stomach | |
| C phagocytize bacteria | |
| the function of the Kupffer cells of the liver is to: A change glucose to glycogen B form the essential amino acids C phagocytize bacteria D excrete excess cholesterol | |
| the function of salivary lysozyme is to: A begin the digestion of proteins B dissolve sugars C begin the emulsification of fats D inhibit the growth of bacteria | D inhibit the growth of bacteria |
| C both A and B | |
| the external muscle layer of the alimentary tube is responsible for: A peristalsis B mechanical digestion C both A and B D both A and B, and for some chemical digestion | |
| when the blood glucose level is low, the liver A excrete amino acids B synthesizes cholesterol C changes glucose to glycogen D changes glycogen to glucose | D changes glycogen to glucose |
| The digestive organ that fills the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity is the: A. liver B. colon C. stomach D. pancreas | A. Liver |
| The purpose of chemical digestion is to: A. change complex food molecules into simpler ones B. change simple food molecules into complex ones C. use food for energy production D. break food into smaller pieces with more surface | A. change complex food molecules into simpler ones |
| The end products of fat digestion are: A amino acids B fatty acids and glycerol C fatty acids and glucose D monosaccharides | B fatty acids and glycerol |
| The salivary glands located just in front of the ears are the: A subpharyngeal glands B sublingual glands C submandibular glands D parotid glands | D parotid glands |
| The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the: A enamel B pulp cavity C periodontal membrane D dentine | B pulp cavity |
| Backup of food from the stomach to the esophagus is prevented by the: A upper esophageal sphincter B lower esophageal sphincter C gastric sphincter D pyloric sphincter | B lower esophageal sphincter |
| The layer of the alimentary tube that produces digestive secretions is the: A mucosa B submucosa C external muscle layer D mesentery | A mucosa |
| Meissner’s plexus and Auerbach’s plexus are part of the: A enteric nervous system B central nervous system C mesenteric nervous system D endoteric nervous system | A enteric nervous system |
| A the secretions and contractions of the alimentary tube | |
| The part of gastric juice that begins the digestion of protein is: A water B trypsin C pepsin D gastrin | C pepsin |
| The function of the chief cells of the gastric mucosa is to secrete: A pepsinogen B hydrochloric acid C gastrin D intrinsic factor | A pepsinogen |
| The function of the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa is to secrete: A pepsinogen B hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen C pepsin and intrinsic factor D hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor | D hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor |
| The G cells of the gastric mucosa secrete ___, which is a(n)___. A gastrin/hormone B mucus/lubricant C intrinsic factor/enzyme D pepsinogen/enzyme | A gastrin/hormone |
| The digestive function of bile is to: A digest fats to fatty acids B emulsify fats C synthesize fats D digest fats to glycerol | A digest fats to fatty acids |
| The hormone that causes contraction of the gallbladder when food enters the duodenum is: A gastrin B secretin C cholecystokinin D epinephrine | C cholecystokinin |
| Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the duodenum by: A enzyme pancreatic juice B bile C intestinal enzymes D bicarbonate pancreatic juice | D bicarbonate pancreatic juice |
| Pancreatic digestive enzymes include ___ for starch, ___ for fats, and ___ for protein. A amylase/lipase/trypsin B sucrase/lipase/pepsin C amylase/adipolase/pepsin D sucrase/lipase/trypsin | A amylase/lipase/trypsin |
| Backup of fecal material from the colon to the small intestine is prevented by the: A lower intestinal sphincter B interintestinal valve C colonic valve D ileocecal valve | D ileocecal valve |
| An important vitamin that is produced by the normal flora of the colon is vitamin ___, needed for ___. A D/calcium metabolism B K/blood clotting C D/bone growth D K/RBC production | B K/blood clotting |
| The effector of the defecation reflex is: A the internal anal sphincter, which contracts B the rectum, which contracts C the spinal cord D the external anal sphincter, which relaxes | B the rectum, which contracts |
| The part of the CNS that is directly involved in the defecation reflex is the: A hypothalamus B spinal cord C cerebrum D medulla | B spinal cord |
| When the blood glucose level is high, the liver: A excretes amino acids B synthesizes amino acids C changes glucose to glycogen D changes glycogen to glucose | C changes glucose to glycogen |
| The purpose of transamination in the liver is to: A use excess amino acids for energy production B use excess amino acids for protein synthesis C synthesize the essential amino acids D synthesize the nonessential amino acids | D synthesize the nonessential amino acids |
| The plasma protein produced by the liver that carries fats in the blood is: A fibrinogen B albumin C globulin D myoglobin | C globulin |
| The kidneys are ___ the peritoneum, and the term for this is ___. A behind/retroperitonea B in front of/anteroperitoneal C behind/posteroperitoneal D in front of/ventroperitoneal | behind/retroperitonea |
| The urethra extends from the: A urinary bladder to exterior B kidney to the exterior C ureter to exterior D ureter to urinary bladder | urinary bladder to exterior |
| A ___ takes urine from the kidney to the bladder, and the ___ takes urine from the bladder to the exterior. A ureter/urethra B trigone/ureter C urethra/ureter D ureter/trigone | ureter/urethra |
| The kidneys are held in place and cushioned by: A the renal fascia and adipose tissue B the renal cortex and renal fascia C the renal cortex and adipose tissue D the renal pelvis and rib | the renal fascia and adipose tissue |
| The renal medulla is the ___ of kidney tissue, and may also be called the ___. A inner layer/renal pyramids B outer layer/renal pelvis C middle layer/renal pelvis D outer layer/renal pyramids | A inner layer / renal pyramids |
| The renal pelvis is the: A cavity on the lateral side of the kidney B cavity on the medial side of the kidney C junction of the kidney and urethra D location of the kidney in the pelvic cavity | B cavity on the medial side of the kidney |
| In the kidney, the calyces are part of the: A renal cortex B renal medulla C renal fascia D renal pelvis | D renal pelvis |
| In the kidney, loops of Henle and collecting tubules are found in the: A renal cortex B renal medulla C renal pelvis D renal fascia | B renal medulla |
| The two major parts of a nephron are the: A renal corpuscle and renal tubule B glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule C renal tubule and loop of Henle D glomerulus and renal corpuscle | A renal corpuscle and renal tubule |
| A renal corpuscle consists of the: A glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule B Bowman’s capsule and renal tubule C renal tubule and loop of Henle D loop of Henle and glomerulus | A glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule |
| The energy for the process of filtration is provided by: A active transport B diffusion C ATP D blood pressure | D blood pressure |
| In the process of glomerular filtration, substances may become part of the renal filtrate if they are: A large enough for filtration B not useful to the body C small or dissolved in plasma D all of these | C small or dissolved in plasma |
| In the kidneys, the processes of reabsorption and secretion take place in the: A renal corpuscle B renal tubule C renal pelvis D glomerulus | B renal tubule |
| In the kidneys, the process by which small proteins are reabsorbed is: A passive transport B active transport C osmosis D pinocytosis | D pinocytosis |
| The process of tubular secretion is especially important to excrete: A creatinine B excess glucose C excess water D nitrogen dioxide | A creatinine |
| The process of urine formation depends upon blood flow through the kidney in this order: 1. glomerulus 2. afferent arteriole 3. peritubular capillaries 4. efferent arteriole A 1, 3, 2, 4 B 2, 1, 4, 3 C 3, 2, 1, 4 D 4, 1, 2, 3 | B 2,1,4,3 afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries |
| If the kidneys are decreasing their excretion of hydrogen ions, this means that the pH of the blood has been: A rising, becoming more alkaline B falling, becoming more alkaline C rising, becoming more acidic D falling, becoming more acidic | A rising, becoming more alkaline |
| The secretion of renin by the kidneys brings about the formation of: A ADH B angiotensin II C RBCs in the red bone marrow D angiotensinogen | B angiotensin II |
| The purpose of the renin-angiotensin mechanism is to: A increase RBC production B raise blood pressure C increase urinary output D maintain acid–base | B raise blood pressure |
| The juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys secrete: A renin B erythropoietin C vitamin D D angiotensin | A renin |
| The kidneys secrete erythropoietin during states of: A high blood pressure B low blood pressure C hypoxia D acidosis | C hypoxia |
| The part of the urinary bladder that permits expansion without tearing the lining is the: A mucosa with its rugae B trigone C detrusor muscle D serosa | A mucosa with its rugae |
| Voluntary control of the urination reflex is provided by the ___, which ___. A internal urethral sphincter/contracts to permit urination B external urethral sphincter/contracts to prevent urination C internal urethral sphincter/relaxes to permit urinatio | B external urethral sphincter/contracts to prevent urination |
| A measure of the dissolved material in urine is its: A color B pH C odor D specific gravity | D specific gravity |
| The creatinine in urine comes from energy metabolism in: A adipose tissue B nerve tissue C the liver D the skeletal muscles | D the skeletal muscles |
| 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗱𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗸𝗶𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘆𝘀 𝗲𝘅𝗰𝗿𝗲𝘁𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻? | 𝗟𝗼𝘄 𝗕𝗣, 𝗟𝗼𝘄 𝗯𝗹𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗺𝗲, 𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗛𝗖03 (𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗱𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘀) |
| Cecum Ascending Colon (Right Colon) Transverse Colon Descending Colon (Left Colon) Sigmoid Colon Rectum Anus | |
| 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗻 | |
| Angiotensinogen II | It causes vasoconstriction and increase the secretion of aldosterone both of which help raise BP |
| Where is the small intestine located? | Coiled within the center of the abdominal cavity; extends from the stomach to the colon |
| Outermost tissue layer of the kidney | |
| The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity | |
| Renal Cortex | |
| Peritoneum | |
| Name the parts of the small intestine | The 1st part Duodenum, connects to the stomach The middle part is the Jejunum The third part called ilenum attaches to the colon |
| Gallbladder | Store and concentrate bile |
| External Anal Sphincter | Keep the anal canal and orifice closed |
| Renal Artery | A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys |
| Nephrons | Regulate water and soluble substances by filtering the blood |
| Backup of food from the small intestine to the stomach is prevented by the: a) cardiac sphincter b) duodenal valve c) gastric sphincter d) pyloric sphincter | d) pyloric sphincter |
| ANP on the kidneys | Increase sodium and water excretion in the kidneys |
| The function of the ileocecal valve is to: a) prevent backup from the colon to the small intestine b) contract to permit chime to enter the colon c) relax to prevent backup to the colon d) contract to permit chime to enter the ileum | a) prevent backup from the colon to the small intestine |
| External Urethral Sphincter | Provides voluntary control of urine flow from the bladder to the urethra |
| Detrusor muscle in urination | Remains relaxed to allow the bladder to store urine and contracts during urination to release urine |
| The process of changing complex food molecules into simpler molecules is called: a) mechanical digestion b) energy digestion c) chemical digestion d) cell respiration | c) chemical digestion |
| The part of gastric juice that protects the stomach lining is: a) mucus b) gastrin c) water d) pepsin | 𝗔) 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗰𝘂𝘀 |
| The purpose of mechanical digestion is to: a) break food into smaller pieces with more surface area b) change simple food molecules into complex ones c) use food for energy production d) change complex food molecules into simpler ones | a) break food into smaller pieces with more surface area |
| The part of gastric juice that kills most bacteria that enter the stomach is: a) lysozyme b) pepsin c) hydrochloric acid d) trypsin | c) hydrochloric acid HCl |
| the enzymes produced by the pancreas contribute to the digestion of: A fats only B proteins and fats C starches and fats D proteins, fats, and starch | D proteins, fats, and starch |
| the peyer's patches of the small intestine are: A bundles of smooth muscle where peristalsis is needed most B lymph nodules C the groups of epithelial cells that have microvilli D the parts of the mucosa with clusters of goblet cells | B lymph nodules |
| Renal Pyramids | The triangular segments of the renal medulla |
| Glomerulus | A capillary network that is enclosed by Bowman”s capsule |
| The threshold level (in the kidney tubules) | The concentration of a substance dissolved in the blood above which the kidneys begin to remove it into the urine |
| Specific gravity of urine | A measure of the dissolved materials in trine -1.010 to 1.025 if kidneys are functioning normally |
| Where are the ureters located? | The upper half of the ureter is located in the abdomen and the lower half is located in the pelvic area |
| What is the stimulus for defecation | The muscles in the colon contract to move stool toward the rectum. This is known as a “mass movement.” |
| The organ of the alimentary tube that is a reservoir for gradual digestion is the: a) esophagus b) stomach c) small intestine d) oral cavity | B) stomach |
| What is the function of the nephrons | Its chief function is to regulate water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. |
| Know the major parts of the nephron | Renal Corpuscle/ Renal Tubule |
| Know the purpose of deamination in the liver | deamination is used to break down amino acids for energy. |
| What is the outer layer of the kidney tissue called? | renal fascia |
| What factors affect urine output | osmolar excretion, sodium excretion, urea nitrogen excretion, free water clearance, and potassium excretion |
| What does it mean if a patient has glucose in his urine? | known as glycosuria, are usually the result of high blood sugar levels. High blood sugar usually occurs in diabetes |
| Know the anatomy of the hilus of the kidney | Located on the medial side of the kidneys . The hilus the rental artery enters the kidney and the renal vein and ureter emerge |
| how do the kidneys respond to increased acidity of body fluids? | When the blood becomes too acidic, the kidneys remove excess H+ ions from the body and excrete them in the urine. |
| How does kidney failure affect the level of waste products in the urine and blood? | In kidney failure, the kidneys lose their ability to filter enough waste products from the blood and to regulate the body's balance of salt and water. Eventually, the kidneys slow their production of urine, or stop producing it completely. Waste products |
| The function of the enteric nervous system is to regulate: |
Created by:
JazzLee88