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0C-Force & Motion
0C Changes in Force and Motion
Term | Definition |
---|---|
accelerate | a change in motion caused by an unbalanced force (speed up, slow down, start, stop, and turn) |
balanced force | forces in opposite direction with the same magnitude |
direction | a straight path that an object can travel |
force | a push or a pull |
force arrow | an arrow that indicates the size and direction of a force |
formula for force | force = mass x acceleration |
Free-Body Diagram | an illustration showing all of the forces acting on one object or system |
friction | the force that resists motion |
static friction | the resistance between two or more solid objects that are not moving relative to each other |
sliding friction | the resistance created by two objects sliding against each other |
rolling friction | the resistance from the motion when wheels are used on a surface |
fluid friction | the resistance from the movement of a body through a liquid or gas |
inertia | the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion |
net force | the sum of all forces acting on an object |
Newton | SI unit of force (N) |
Newton's First Law | an object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. |
Newton's Second Law | the amount of force needed to accelerate an object depends on the object’s mass. (force equals mass times acceleration (f = ma)) |
speed | the distance an object travels per unit of time |
unbalanced force | forces that cause a change in motion |
velocity | speed in a given direction |
applied force | a force that is applied to an object by a person or another object |
air resistance | a force that is caused by pushing air |
buoyancy | the force exerted on an object that is wholly or partly immersed in a fluid |
elastic force | the force that allows some materials to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed |
friction force | the resistance force exerted by a surface as an object moves across or through it |
gravity | a force that attracts any two objects with mass |
magnetic force | attraction or repulsion that arises between electrically charged particles |
normal force | the support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object |
spring force | the force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring |
tension force | a force developed in a rope, string, or cable when stretched under an applied force |
F.app | applied force |
F.air | air resistance |
F.buo | buoyancy |
F.ela | elastic force |
F.fri | friction force |
F.grav | gravity |
F.mag | magnetic force |
F.nor | normal force |
F.spr | spring force |
F.ten | tension force |
F.sta | static electricity |