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bio Review 3
Cell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the yeast signal transduction pathway, after both types of mating cells have released the mating factors and the factors have bound to specific receptors on the correct cells, | binding induces changes in the cells that lead to cell fusion |
| What could happen to the target cells in an animal that lack receptors for local regulators? | They would not be able to multiply in response to growth factors from nearby cells |
| The process of transduction usually begins | when the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way. |
| Synaptic signaling between adjacent neurons is like hormone signaling in which of the following ways? | It requires binding of a signaling molecule to a receptor |
| Membrane receptors that attach phosphates to specific animo acids in proteins are | called receptor tyrosine-kinases. |
| Testosterone functions inside a cell by | A) binding with a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates specific genes. |
| In general, a signal transmitted via phosphorylation of a series of proteins | brings a conformational change to each protein |
| The general name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein is | protein kinase. |
| 9) Adenylyl cyclase has the opposite effect of which of the following? | phosphodiesterase |
| 10) Which of the following statements is true? | Protein kinase A activation is one possible result of signal molecules binding to G protein-linked receptors. |
| Which of the substances below is a protein that can hold several other relay proteins as it binds to an activated membrane receptor | scaffolding protein |
| The termination phase of cell signaling requires which of the following? | reversing the binding of signal molecule to the receptor |
| What is a chromatid? | a replicate chromosome |
| If there are 20 chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there? | 10 |
| If a cell has 8 chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will it have during anaphase | 16 |
| Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that in plants | a cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas in animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage. |
| During which phases of mitosis are chromosomes composed of two chromatids | from G2 of interphase through metaphase |
| Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle was the nucleus with 6 picograms of DNA | G2 |
| The somatic cells derived from a single-celled zygote divide by which process | mitosis |
| Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis | to allow the chromosomes to move without becoming entangled and breaking |
| Which of the following is a function of those spindle microtubules that do not attach to kinetochores | maintaining the region of overlap of fibers in the cell's center |
| Cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase | G0 |
| Which of the following is released by platelets in the vicinity of an injury | PDGF |
| Caffeine is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. Therefore, the cells of a person who has recently consumed coffee would have increased levels of | cAMP |
| Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring unless which of the following] occurs | Mutation |
| A gene's location along a chromosome is known as which of the following? | Locus |
| What is a karyotype | A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape |
| At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype | Metaphase |
| The human X and Y chromosomes | include genes that determine an individual's sex |
| Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations II. Meiosis III. Fertilization IV. Gametes V. Spores | C) II, III, and IV |
| Homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs. | The statement is true for meiosis I only |
| A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically different | A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically different |
| Which of the steps take place in both mitosis and meiosis | Separation of sister chromatids |
| A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands? | Two sets of sister chromatids that have synapsed |
| Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations? | A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). |
| You have in your possession a microscope slide with meiotic cells on it and a light microscope. What would you look for if you wanted to identify metaphase I cells on the slide? | Tetrads lined up at the center of the cell |
Created by:
tporch