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Endocrine System
Chapter Review Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the meaning of the prefix "diuret-"? | To pass urine |
| What is the meaning of the prefix "endo-"? | Inside |
| What is the meaning of the root word "exo-"? | Outside |
| What does the root word "med-" mean? | Middle |
| What word root means "influencing"? | -tropic |
| When receptors sense an increase in the concentration of a hormone, signals are sent to decrease production of that hormone. What kind of feedback mechanism is this? | negative |
| What is the endocrine system? | The glands, tissues and cells that secrete hormone |
| Endocrine glans secrete substances called ______ into the internal environment. | hormones |
| What are 2 characteristics of endocrine glands? | They are ductless. They secrete hormones into the blood stream. |
| Which 2 organ systems work together to control body functions? | Nervous & endocrine systems |
| True or false? Cells of the nervous system communicate predominantly via electronic signals. | True |
| True or false? Cells of the endocrine system communicate using chemical signals?. | True, via chemical signals called hormones |
| True or false? Cells of the nervous system communicate using chemical signals? | True, via chemical signals called neurotransmitters |
| A target cell is best described as a cell _______. | Possessing a hormone receptor |
| What helps regulate metabolic processes, control the rates of certain chemical reactions; aid in transporting substances through membranes; and help regulate water balance, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure. | endocrine glands |
| _________ ________ also play vital roles in reproduction, development, and growth. | endocrine hormones |
| Name the 6 major endocrine glands. | Pituitary, kidneys & adrenal, thymus, thyroid & parathyroid glands, pancreas, & testes & ovaries. |
| Secretions of "local hormones" that enter the interstitial fluid but affect only neighboring cells are called _______ secretions. | Paracrine secretions |
| What are the major endocrine glands? | Thyroid, pancreas, thymus |
| Some cells secrete substances that affect only the cell that secretes it. These are called _______ secretions. | Autocrine |
| What are steroid hormones derived from? | Cholesterol |
| Give 2 examples of anime hormones and the amino acid that they are derived from. | Epinephrine & norepinephrine. They are derived from the amino acid tyrosine. |
| A group of compounds called __________ are derived from arachidonic acid & function to regulate activity of neighboring cells. | Prostaglandins |
| Indicate some mechanisms by which hormones exert their effects. | They may change the activity of an enzyme. They may alter the rate of transport of chemicals across the cell membrane. They alter the metabolic activities of tissues. |
| True/False. At target cells, the number of receptors for a hormone is always constant. | False |
| A ______ messenger is a biochemical (i.e. cAMP) generated in response to the binding of a hormone to a cell-surface receptor. Its role is to induce changes by activating other enzymes. | Second messenger |
| What is example of a commonly used second messengers that may be activated by nonsteroid hormones? | Cyclic AMP (cAMP) |
| Enzymes that regulate the action of other enzymes by attaching phosphates to them are protein __________. | Kinases |
| Changes in membrane permeability, activation of enzymes or stimulation of metabolic pathways are all examples of cellular responses to what hormone class? | Non-steroid based hormones via second messenger systems |
| Compounds called ________ are potent paracrine substances that are present in small amounts. | Prostaglandins |
| What are some effects of prostaglandins? | Promote inflammation. Relax smooth muscles in the airways of the lungs. Help regulate blood pressure. |
| True/False. Enzymes that regulate the action of other enzymes by attaching phosphates to them are called protein kinases. | True |
| How are steroid hormones transported to their target cells? | Bound to plasma proteins |
| What compounds are classified as nonsteroid hormones? | Amines & glycoproteins |
| The anterior pituitary releases _____ hormones that act on target organs to cause the release of another hormone. | Tropic |
| Adenylate cyclase causes ATP molecules to become ________ molecules. | cyclic AMP |
| Paracrine substances called ________ have powerful, regulating effects on cellular responses to hormones. | prostaglandins |
| A hormone whose effects last a long time has a ________ half-life. | Long |
| Calcitonin is produced in the _______ gland. | thyroid |
| The ________ gland is located deep between the cerebral hemispheres attached to the roof of the third ventricle. | Pineal |
| Dilation of respiratory airways, release adrenal cortex hormones, and promotion of inflammation are just some of the effects of a paracrine substance called ________. | Prostaglandin |
| The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland is an example of a _______ hormone. | Protein |
| Amines & Glycoproteins are compounds that are classified a ___________ hormones. | Nonsteroid |
| Aldosterone, cortisol, & sex hormones are all classified as what type of hormone? | steroid hormones |
Created by:
mihagstrom