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HuG Unit 2
Population & Migration
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agricultural Density | A ratio of the number of farmers to amount of arable land. |
| Arithmetic Density | A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land |
| Boserupian Model | A model that contradicts Thomas Malthus by stating people would find ways to increase food supply in order to accommodate population growth. |
| Brain Drain | The emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country. |
| Brandt Line | A visual depiction of the North-South divide between their economies, based on GDP per capita, proposed by Willy Brandt in the 1980s. |
| Carry Capacity | The number of individuals a given area is capable of sustaining |
| Chain Migration | A pattern of migration where migrants move to a new location and soon thereafter their kin or people of similar heritage follow. |
| Crude Birth Rates (CBR) | The annual number of births per 1,000 population. |
| Crude Death Rates (CDR) | The annual number of deaths per 1,000 population |
| Cohort | A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit (baby boomers, generation X, millennial) |
| Cyclic Migration/Movement | Movement that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally |
| Deindustrialization | The decline in industrial activity in a region or economy. |
| Demographic Transition Model | A multi-stage model that shows the changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization. The birth rates, death rates, natural increase rate all reflect upon the total population. |
| Demography | The study of populations. |
| Distance Decay | The effect of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less the interaction. |
| Doubling Time | The time required for a population to double in size. Calculated with the Rule of 70 divided by the growth rate. |
| Ecumene | A term used by geographers to mean "inhabited land" |
| Emigrant | Person who leaves their own country in order to settle permanently in another. (EXIT) |
| Epidemiologic Transition Model | Model that focuses on the complex change in patterns of health and disease and on the interactions between these patterns and their demographic, economic and sociological determinants and consequences. |
| Equilibrium | A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced. |
| Gravity Model | A mathematical prediction of the interaction of places, the interaction being a function of population size of the respective places and the distance between them. |
| Human Factor | The elements of a system that are influenced or impacted by humans. |
| Immigrant | A person who comes permanently to live in a foreign country. (IN) |
| Inter | Movement from one location to another location |
| Intra | Movement within the location |
| Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | Measures the number of deaths each year to infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births. |
| J-Curve | An exponential curve which occurs when there is no limit to population size . |
| Less Developed Country (LDC) | a Third World or non-industrialized country. Also referred to as "undeveloped" country. |
| Life Expectancy | The average number of years a person may expect to live within a given area/country. |
| Malthusian Theory | British economist that believed that the world’s population was increasing faster than the food supplies needed to support it |
| Megacity | A city with a population of 10 million or more people |
| Migration | The movement of humans from one location to another either by choice or force. |
| More Developed Country (MDC) | A First World or industrialized country. Also referred to as "developed" country. |
| Natural Increase Rate (NIR) | Population growth measured as the excess of live births over death. Natural increase of a population does not reflect either immigrant or emigrant populations. |
| Net migration rate (NMR) | The difference between the number of immigrants (IN-people coming into an area) and the number of emigrants (EXIT-people leaving an area) throughout the year. |
| Newly Industrialized Country (NIC) | A country in the early stages of industrialization. Also referred to as a "developing" country. |
| Overpopulation | A situation when the resources of a particular area are not great enough to support that area’s current population |
| Population Density | A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land. |
| Population Dislocation | The forced relocation of people due to natural and man-made disasters such as war, flooding, famine, etc. |
| Population Momentum | the tendency for population to continue to grow long after replacement fertility has been achieved. |
| Population Projection/Pressure | Estimates of future population size, age and sex composition based on current data . |
| Population Pyramid | A visual representation of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group (generally in five year periods) is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. |
| Physical Factor | Factors such as climate, bodies of water, land-forms that impact the movement of people. |
| Physiologic Density | The number of people per unit of arable land |
| Pull Factor | Negative and positive conditions and perceptions that ATTRACT migration to a new location. |
| Push Factor | Negative and positive conditions and perceptions that CAUSE migration to a away from their homeland. |
| Ravenstein’s Migration Laws | Laws that state that most migrants: move short distances, move to big-cities, are from rural areas, are young adults without families. |
| Refugee | People who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country. |
| S-Curve | Logistic curve which shows the effect of a limiting factor (possibly the carrying capacity of the environment). |
| Standard of Living | Refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these services and goods are distributed within a population. |
| Step Migration | A series of small, less extreme locational changes are steps. For example, if a person moves from a farm to a small town, then to a larger town and finally a city. |
| Seasonal Migration | Movement based agricultural cycle and/or climate and weather |
| Sustainability | An approach to the environment that emphasizes restraint in the use of natural resources to ensure enough resources for future generations. |
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | Average number of children a woman would have if she maintained today's level of childbearing throughout her reproductive years. |
| Transhumance | A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures. |
| Transmigration | The movement of a population from a crowded region to a less-densely-populated area. |
| Underpopulation | A state in which a country's population has declined too much to support its current economic system. |
| Zero Population Growth | The limiting of population increase to the number of live births needed to replace the existing population. |
Created by:
Perales76