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unit 6 psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What aspect of development did Jean Piaget’s theory focus on? | Cognitive |
| Jayden, age 15, is struggling with how his political views fit with those of his peers and his parents as he moves toward developing what Erikson would call his sense of | Identity |
| What is the correct term for a period of time when certain events must take place in order to facilitate proper development? | Critical period |
| Which of the following statements about the impact of aging is true? | Older people become less susceptible to short-term illnesses. |
| Kaylee contributes to the flood relief fund because others are doing so, and she doesn’t want to look selfish. Kohlberg might explain that she is in the | Conventional stage |
| Mary Ainsworth’s research on attachment suggests that a child is most likely to become “securely attached” when exposed to | Consistent, responsive caregivers |
| Temperament refers to what aspect of an infant’s development? | Emotional reactivity |
| Which of these statements about intelligence and aging is true? | When asked to recognize words, older adults show little memory decline. |
| Once a sperm penetrates the cell wall of an egg and fertilizes it, this structure is known as a(n) | Zygote |
| Peyton is 11 years old and knows 10-7=3 and 3+7=10 but finds it difficult to solve a math problem, such as 3x-5, because she cannot understand why there is a letter in the problem. Piaget would most likely place her in the | Concrete operational stage |
| Most adolescents can ponder and debate human nature, good and evil, and truth and justice. According to Piaget, this thinking ability is due to the emergence of which stage? | Formal operational |
| . Mason retired at age 50 and was called “lucky” by his peers. This is because age 65 is the normal retirement age according to the | Social clock |
| The more often the stimulus is presented, the weaker the response becomes. What do developmental researchers call this decrease in response intensity due to repeated stimulation? | Habituation |
| . Ellie and Ella’s parents set clear rules, but also have discussions with their daughters about the types of rules and what the consequences should be for breaking the rules. Their parents are evidently following the | Authoritative parenting style |
| Which of these is an example of a cross-sectional study? | The memory of one group of 50-year-olds is measured and compared to a different group of 70-year-olds. |
| By providing increasingly difficult words for his second grader to spell, Logan is making use of | Scaffolding |
| Ryan has a difficult time understanding his mother’s facial expressions and engages in repetitive actions. One explanation of this is that Ryan is suffering from | ASD |
| Researchers probing the brain in search of explanations for sexual orientation have found differences between homosexual men and heterosexual men in the region known as the | Hypothalamus |
| When she was 45, Sophie decided to go to nursing school because she felt that her corporate job was not fulfilling. Erikson would argue that her career change was an attempt to find a sense of | Generativity |
| Studies indicating that self-esteem ratings fall during the early to mid-teen years find that | Self-image rebounds in the late teens and twenties |
| 21. Which of the following changes does NOT occur with age? | The lens of the eye becomes more transparent. |
| As telomeres shorten, aging cells may die without being replaced with perfect genetic replicas. This process is slowed by | Exercise |
| Olivia and Jackson plan to get married next year. This significant life event will allow them to achieve Erikson’s stage of | Intimacy |
| Brain scans of older adults show that the _______________, a neural processing center for emotions, responds less actively to negative events (but not to positive events), and it interacts less with the hippocampus, a brain memory-processing center. | Amygdala |
| Which of the following would be considered an example of Erikson’s concept of integrity? | An 85-year-old looks back at a life well-lived and feels satisfied. |
| A child who is genetically female | Has received an X chromosome from her father and her mother |
| In many Western societies, it is common for adolescents to graduate from high school, go to college, and still live at home with their parents. | Emerging adulthood |
| 28. Which is true of social relations during the teen years? | As teens distance themselves from parents, peer relationships become more important. |
| Walter Mischel’s famous “marshmallow test” found that | Children who can delay gratification are often successful as adults |
| . ___________________ focused on moral intuition and how people feel about moral situations. ____________________, however, was more interested in moral reasoning and how people think about moral situations. | Haidt; Kohlberg |
| Howard cheats in his calculus class, even though he knows it is wrong, because “everyone else is doing it”. Kohlberg would argue that Howard’s response reflects a ____________________ view of morality. | Conventional |
| What development in adolescents allows for greater impulse control? | Frontal lobe maturation in late adolescence |
| Piaget would argue that as an adolescent, Mildred is better able to understand calculus because she is in the | Formal operational stage |
| Compared with rats raised in an enriched environment, which of the following is true of rats raised in isolation? | Their brain cortex is less developed. |
| In which of the following examples would parents have the highest degree of influence? | In determining a child’s personality |
| Neurologically, what is the function of pruning? | Pruning eliminates unused neural pathways. |
| According to research, which of the following is more common among males than females? | Physical aggression |
| Gender __________are the social expectations that guide men and women’s behavior. Gender __________is a person’s sense of being male or female. | Roles; identity |
| Carol Gilligan’s research emphasizes prominent female characteristics, especially | Making social connections |
| An 18-month-old typically recognizes herself in a mirror. This self-awareness contributes to | Self-concept |
| Studies done by Harry and Margaret Harlow found that | Contact comfort was the most important factor in attachment |
| What do we call an optimal window of opportunity for proper development? | A social period |
| Which of the following identifies the parenting style most likely to harshly punish a teen who has been accused of wrongdoing without first hearing from the teen? | Authoritarian |
| Which of the following would be considered a sign of secure attachment in a 1-year-old? | Becoming distressed when the parent leaves and seeking contact on return |
| According to research done by Erik Erikson and Joan Erikson, children who are securely attached are also likely to be | Developing a sense of basic trust |
| Your friend’s baby brother, Matt, loves to play with his pet cat. When he sees a puppy, he points and calls it “MiMi”, which is what he calls his cat. Matt is demonstrating Piaget’s process of | Assimilation |
| Vygotsky called the space between what a child could learn with and without help the | Zone of proximal development |
| As the infant’s brain develops, some neural pathways will decay if not used. This use-it-or-lose-it process is known as | Pruning |
| . Juliette is experiencing lifelong physical and mental abnormalities because her mother consumed alcohol while she was pregnant. The alcohol, because of the damage it caused, is considered a(n) | Teratogen |
| Even as newborns, we prefer sights and sounds that facilitate social responsiveness. This can be seen by a newborn’s preference for | Face-like images |
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