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US Govt
ch 5 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the president is | 1. chief of state 2. chief executive 3. chief administrator 4. chief diplomat 5. chief legislator 6. commander in chief - not in constitution - 7. chief economist 8. chief of party 9. chief citizen |
| the ceremonial head of the government of the US; the president reigns and rules | chief of state |
| Grants the President executive power to determine foreign and domestic affairs | chief executive |
| the President is not all-powerful | true (office filled w checks and balances ) |
| decisions made that affect our relationships w other countries and role w other countries | foreign affairs |
| the director of the huge executive branch of the federal gov | executive administrator |
| The President heads one of the largest gov machines the world has ever known | true |
| The President directs an admin that employs | 2.7 million civilians and spends some $3.8 trillion |
| the main architect of American foreign policy and the nation's chief spokesman to the rest of the world | chief diplomat |
| the principal author of its public policies; sets and shapes the congressional agenda | chief legislator |
| The President does what to enact most of the major pieces of legislation? | suggests, requests, insists, and demands |
| Not explicitly in the constitution (adopted by modern presidents) | chief economist chief of party chief of citizen |
| the Constitution makes the President the commander in chief of the nation's armed forces. | True |
| 1.5 mil men/women are subject to the President's direct and immediate control. | True |
| The Constitution does give Congress some significant powers in foreign affairs and over the military, but the President has long since become dominant in both. | True |
| the President is expected to keep a close eye on the nation's economy and to take immediate and effective action when conditions dictate | chief economist |
| Since the collapse of communism, President's become more responsible of America's trade relationships. | True/ chief economist |
| Opening foreign markets requires | lowering or removing trade restrictions and tariffs on goods imported into the US |
| Expected to balance conflicted demands btwn consumers, labors, and manufacturers | Chief economist |
| the President must remain sensitive to the effect that the American economic policies can have on our relationships w countries around the world. | True |
| expected to be "the representative of all the people"; expected to take the high road and champion the public interest against the many different and competing private interests | chief citizen |
| automatically the acknowledged leader of the political party that controls the executive branch | chief of party |
| parties are not mentioned in the Constitution, but do play a vital role in the workings of the American governmental sys. | True |
| Presidential power has grown over time, so has the number and scope of the roles he or she must fulfill. | True |
| Qualifications for Presidency | 1. must be a natural born citizen 2. must be at least 35 yrs old 3. Must maintain at least 14 yrs residency in the US |
| By law a person born abroad to an American-citizen parent becomes an American citizen at birth | true |
| Most chief executives have been in their 50s when they gained the White House | true |
| Most of the Framers concern w term length was whether a four year term with the President eligible for reelection, vs a single 6/7 yr term w/o being eligible for reelection. | true |
| wrote that 4 years was a long enough period for a President to have gained experience, demonstrated his abilities, and established stable policies | Federalist No. 71 |
| the Constitution placed no limit on the number of terms a President might serve. | true, until 1951 |
| beginning w George Washington, presidents refused to seek more than two terms | "no-third term tradition" |
| made the unwritten custom limiting presidential terms a part of the written Constitution (max 2 terms/8 yrs) | 22nd Amendment |
| No president may serve more than ten yrs in the office. | true/22nd Amendment |
| Cons of term limit | 1. places limit on the people's right to decide who is president 2. undercuts authority of a 2 term President |
| Pros of term limit | 1. reasonable safeguard against executive tyranny |
| the scheme by which a presidential vacancy is filled | Presidential succession |
| If a President dies, resigns, or is removed from office by Impeachment then | the Vice President succeeds to the office |
| Originally, the Constitution did not provide for the succession of a Vice President. | true; the duties were passed but not the office itself |
| states that in the case of removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the VP shall become President | 25th Amendment |
| states the Speaker of the House and then the president pro tempore of the Senate are next in line after the VP | Presidential Succession Act |
| Until 25th Amendment, the arrangement for presidential succession had serious gaps. | true |
| Neither Constitution nor Congress had made any provision for deciding when a President was so disabled tat he could not perform the duties of office. | true |
| Sections 3 and 4 of the 25th Amendment (disability) | 1. the President informs Congress, in writing, that he is incapacitated. 2. the VP and a majority of the members of the Cabinet inform Congress, in writing, that the President is so incapacitated. |
| The President may resume the powers and duties of the office by informing Congress by "written declaration" that no inability exists. | true |
| the VP and a majority of the Cabinet may challenge the President on declaration of no ability. Congress has 21 DAYS to decide. | true |
| 2 formal duties of VP | 1. preside over Senate 2. directs him/her to help decide the question of the presidential ability |
| The blame for the low status of the vice presidency can be laid on? | the two major parties and the way they have chosen their candidates for the office. |
| How is the Vice President chosen? | the Nominee of presidency chooses a running mate who can strengthen his/her chance of being elected by virtue of certain characteristics |
| Changes after Cold War/VP | Need to make sure they elect a qualified VP if anything happens; nuclear war and everyone was constantly on edge of disaster happening |
| Truman/FDR | Truman kept in dark abt atomic bomb; not prepared for presidency |
| Eisenhower/Nixon | sparked a move to bring VP into inner circle of the admin; THE JOB OF THE VP CHANGED |
| Al Gore/Clinton | Gore was given several responsibilities |
| until the 25th amendment, the Constitution did not deal w the matter of vice president vacancies. | true |
| provides whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the VP, the President shall nominate a VP who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress | 25th Amendment |
| the official title for the President's wife or of the White house hostess | First Lady |
| Not all first Ladies were wives of a President. | true |
| First Lady | - not elected by the american people - do not have direct role in President admin |
| First lady duties | - provide informal advice - advocate for particular policies - undertake a host of symbolic function - cultivate public sympathies - coaxed members of their husband's cabinet - spoken at national conventions - met w foreign dignitaries |
| Today, First ladies even have their own staff called The Office of the first Lady. | true |
| As time went on, First ladies began to take on a more public role. Have become openly involved in political issues, spoke on husband behalf when sick, respond to voter letters, promoted national volunteer programs, championed special needs. | true |
| during early history, First Ladies | limited their work to informal, behind-the-scenes advice and social functions |
| taking a restrained approach to leadership | WHIG theory |
| assumed that Congress would lead the policy process, while Presidents were limited to the powers expressly granted to them in the Constitution | WHIG theory |
| Presidents should not merely carry out the will of Congress but instead should lead the nation and build public support for particular policy agendas; upheld by President Theodore Roosevelt | Stewardship theory |
| Completely changed the role of the president | FDR |
| Reasons for expansion of president power | 1. Constitutional vague on presidential powers 2. expansions of the executive branch: agencies, offices, and staff 3. nation's complex economy and society 4. need for immediate and decisive action in times of crisis and war 5. Congress involvement |
| a powerful check on executive power | oversight function |
| occurs as Congress keeps a close watch over the executive branch to ensure that it acts in compliance w previously passed laws and appropriations | Congressional oversight |
| too-powerful chief executive have condemned and called | the imperial presidency |
| paints a picture of the President as a strong-willed emperor, taking various actions w/o consulting Congress or seeking its approval | imperial presidency |
| As chief executive, the Prez executes the provisions of federal law. | true |
| Power of President limited by Federal Court System (Supreme Court) | federal court sys can declare that an action by the President is unconstitutional by judicial review |
| Powers of President limited by Congressional oversight | Congress can oversee the President and admin to make sure they are following the law in the manner in which they were intended to be enforced |
| The Constitution requires the president to execute all the federal laws, no matter what the chief executive's own views of any of them may be. | true |
| Congress enacts are written in fairly broad terms and the executive branch | deals w the specific details. |
| directives, rules, or regulations that have the effect of the law | Executive order |
| The power to issue executive orders comes from Constitution and acts of Congress. What is it called? | Ordinance power |
| Presidential executive orders deal w | dizzying array of subjects |
| insisted by the Constitution; gives the President the right to refuse to disclose information | Executive privilege |
| Congress has never recognized executive privilege. the SC has in the past before | true |
| the Prez names most of the top-ranking officers of the Federal gov | true |
| ex of ppl Prez names | 1. ambassadors and diplomats 2. Cabinet members 3. heads of agencies 4. federal judges 5. all officers in armed forces |
| When, President makes an appointment, it is sent to the Senate and then... | the support of a majority of the senators present and voting is needed for confirmation |
| unwritten Senatorial courtesy/Appointments | Senate will approve only those federal appointees acceptable to the senator or senators of the President's party from the State involved |
| Recess Appointments | the Prez can fill up vacancies during the recess of Senate but expires at the end of congressional term |
| (the Constitution does not give details on WHY) gives President power to remove any officer he appointed, except federal judges | Removal Power |
| The Prez may remove those whom the President appoints; dismissal called resignation | "Firing" / resignation |
| A member of commission may be removed only for | inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance(wrongdoing) in office |
| Congress has the powers to set the conditions under which a member of the FTC and other such agencies might be removed by the President | ture |
| the postponement of the execution of a sentence | reprieve |
| legal forgiveness of a crime | pardon |
| mercy or leniency used only in cases involving federal offenses | Clemency |
| Judiciary powers of Prez | 1. reprieve 2. pardon 3. amnesty 4. commutation |
| the power to reduce a fine or length of a sentence imposed by a court | commutation |
| a blanket pardon offered to a group of law violators | amnesty |
| analyzes the Constitution's elaborate sys of checks and balances | Federalist No. 51 |
| the "Constitutional means" to check the power of Congress | Federalist No. 51 |
| states the President must from time to time give to Congress info of the State of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient | Messenger Power (legislative power) |
| the President sends 3 major messages each yr | 1. State of the Union 2. budget message 3. annual Economic report |
| Only the President can call Congress into special session or prorogue (adjourn) Congress in the event two houses cannot agree | Other Legislative Power of President |
| 4 options President has w bill | 1. sign it 2. veto it 3. allow it by not acting on it within 10 days 4. pocket veto |
| can only be used at the end of a congressional session; if Congress adjourns within 10 days of sending a bill to the White House and the chief executive does not act on it, the measure dies | pocket veto |
| Congress can override w a | 2/3 vote in each chamber |
| Approve a bill but add on a signing statement to point out issues or problems they have w the bill | signing statements |
| statements used to point out constitutional or other problems the President saw in a newly enacted law | signing statements |
| direct the manner in which a new law is to be enforced | signing statements |
| the power to cancel out some provisions in a measure while approving others | Line-item veto |
| was deemed unconstitutional bc it gave the President too much power | Line-item veto |
| a formal agreement btwn 2 or more sovereign states | treaty |
| The President, usually acting through the secretary of the State, negotiates these international agreements. | true/ treaties |
| The senate must give how much approval before a treaty? | 2/3 vote of members present |
| the Senate does not ratify treaties | true |
| The Constitution requires the Senate's advice and Consent to a treaty made by the Prez | true |
| Congress may repeal a treaty by (check power) | passing a law contrary to its provisions, and an existing law may be repealed by the terms of a treaty |
| A treaty cannot conflict w the Constitution. | true |
| Recent presidents have relied more on executive agreements than formal treaties. | true |
| a pact btwn the President and the head of the foreign state | executive agreement |
| Diff btwn executive agreement and treaty | 1. exec agreement does not have to be approved by the Senate/congressional action 2. less formal 3. treaties become part of law, exec agreement does not when new president comes he can decide whether to keep it 4. do not supersede federal laws |
| When the Prez receives the diplomatic reps of another sovereign state, the Prez exercises the power of | recognition |
| acknowledges the legal existence of that country and its government | recognition |
| - does not mean it approves the character or conduct of the other - used to gain advantage in world affairs - accepts the country as an equal member of the family of nations | Recognition |
| the recall of a nation's ambassador or other diplomatic reps in the country | persona non grata |
| the withdrawal of recognition is the sharpest diplomatic rebuke one gov may give to another and has often been a step on the way to war | true |
| The source of conflict btwn the legislative and executive branches | the commander in chief power |
| the President has the final authority over and responsibility for all military matters, and the most critical decisions are made by | commander in chief |
| provides that the Prez can commit American military forces to combat only if | 1. Congress has declared war 2. Congress has authorized that action 3. Attack on the nation or its armed forces has occurred on the nation or its armed forces |
| the President must report to Congress abt troops within | 48 hrs |
| President can send troops but have to let Congress know and if Congress doesn't approve after 60 days have to leave place | War Powers Resolution; check on president's military power |
| The President allowed | to send troops abroad w/o approval |
| debated on if there should be a presidency; did not want a chief executive | Framers Debate |
| Articles of Confederation had | no executive and no judiciary branch |
| complained that he had to spend too much of his time "flattering, kissing, and kicking people to get them to do what they were supposed to do anyway" | Harry Truman |
| said "the presidency is not merely an administrative office. That is the least of it. It is, preeminently, a place of moral leadership." | Franklin Roosevelt |
| Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon: strong presidents during first years of presidency. downfall's | - Johnson's action as commander in chief during Vietnam war - Nixon Watergate scandal |
| the youngest president ever elected into office (43) | John f. Kennedy |
| reached succession of office at 42 | Theodore Roosevelt |
| the oldest candidate ever to win the office | Ronald Reagan |
| informal qualifications of presidents | - political experience - speaking ability |
| wrote Federalist No. 71 | Alexander Hamilton |
| died of pneumonia just one month after taking office | William Henry Harrison |
| suffered a paralytic stroke in Sept of 1919 and was invalid for the rest of his second term | Woodrow Wilson |
| conveyed his powers to VP for some hours, while he was anesthetized during a routine medical procedure | George W Bush |
| became involved in important policy questions,used veto alot; Congress passed the Tenure of Office act - prevented him from removing several top officers in his admin | Andrew Jackson |
| stretched the limits of presidential power during civil rights mov | Abraham Lincoln |
| provided that any person holding an office by presidential appointment w Senate consent should remain in that office until a successor had been confirmed by the Senate | Tenure of Office Act |
| wrote the Federalist Papers No. 51 | James Madison |
| favored expanding the veto power to include line-item veto | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Powers of president (explicit) | - serve as commander in chief - veto legislation - appoint w Senate approval - grant reprieves/pardons - make treaties w consent of Congress - deliver the State of the Union address - special sessions - receive ambassadors from foreign countries |
| to ensure the laws passed by Congress are faithfully executed | Take Care Clause |
| The President is responsible for ensuring laws passed by Congress are implemented and enforced. | True |
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