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dr. hull sciencetest
science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical Bonding | the combining of atoms to form molecules or ionic compounds, and also holds the atoms or ions together |
| valence electrons | an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom’s chemical properties |
| ionic bonds | in ionic bonds valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom |
| covalent bond | a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| double | displacement reaction |
| decomposition reaction | a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substance |
| law of conservation of mass | the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another |
| metallic bond | a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them |
| product | a substance that forms in a chemical reaction |
| synthesis reaction | a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound |
| single | displacement reaction |
| reactant | a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
| isotope | an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different atomic mass) |
| atomic number | number of protons in an atom |
| atoms | no charge, and is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same element |
| diatomic molecule | two atoms of the same element |
| electrons | not all electrons in an atom make chemical bonds, can be found in the outermost energy level |
| proton | |
| neutron | |
| period | row of elements |
| group/family | column of elements |
| Dmitri Mendeleev | russian chemist, who arranged the elements in order of atomic mass |
| Henry Mosely | 1914 changed the arrangement of the elements on the table, he put them in order of increasing atomic number because there were some flaws in Mendeleev’s arrangement |
| atomic mass | tells us how many protons plus neutrons in one atom of the element |
| nonmetals | not ductile or malleable, usually not shiny, not good conductors of heat and electricity |
| metalloids | properties of both metals and nonmetals, also called semiconductors, have about half of a complete set of electrons in outer energy level |
| metals | solid at room temperature except for mercury, have few electrons in outer energy level, shiny, ductile, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity |
| noble gas | nonmetals, valence electrons: 8, except helium has 2, not reactive, colorless, odorless gases at room temperature, 1% of earth’s atmosphere, light bulbs, blimps, weather balloons, used to make colored lights |
| Alkali metals | contains metals, 1 valence electron, very reactive, shared properties are soft, silver, colored, shiny, low density, ex. of compounds made with these elements sodium chloride and potassium bromide |
| Alkaline earth metals | contains metals, valence electrons 2, second most reactive metals, other shared properties: silver colored and more dense than alkali metals, ex. of compounds with these elements: magnesium compounds in airplanes, cement, and chalk |
| Lanthanides | transition metals, shininess, reactive, used to make steel and are used in computer monitors |
| Actinides | transition metals, radioactive or unstable, made into laboratories; don’t occur in nature |
| boron family | 1 metalloid and 4 metals, valence electrons: 3, reactive, solids at room temperature, most abundant element in earth’s crust, used to make auto parts, foil, cans, and siding |
| carbon family | 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, and 2 metals, valence electrons: 4, reactivity varies among elements, solids at room temperature, makes diamonds and is in bio |
| nitrogen family | 2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, 1 metal, valence electrons: 5, reactivity varies among the elements, solids at room temperature (except for nitrogen) , 80% of air, fertilizers |
| oxygen family | 3 nonmetals, 1 metalloid, 1 metal, valence electrons: 6, reactive, solids at room temperature (except oxygen), 20% of air, necessary of burning and for most living organisms |
| halogens | nonmetals, valence electrons: 7, very reactive, poor conductors, violent reactions with alkali metals to form salts, never found uncombined in nature, salt, disinfectants water treatment, disinfectant |
| hydrogen family | nonmetals, valence electrons: 1, reactive, colorless, odorless gas at room temperature, low density, explosive reactions with oxygen, found in stars, most abundant element in the universe, used for rocket fuel |
| Gilbert Lewis | though of the theory that each bond is made up of two electrons and that they are shared gained or lost and that chemical bonds are holding the atoms together |
| Octet rule | Remember that all atoms want a FULL OUTER ENERGY LEVEL (8 valence electrons) in order to be like a noble gas, REMEMBER THAT EIGHT IS GREAT!!!!!!!! |
| cations | positively charged ions |
| anions | negatively charged ions |
| Nucleus | two or more nuclei that have small masses combine, or fuse, to form a larger nucleus |
| Electron | no charge |
Created by:
PaulCookie
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