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Food Chemistry Exam1
Atoms, Molecules, and Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass. Describes all of the physical substances around us. |
| Chemistry | The study of matter and the changes it undergoes. |
| Atoms | Fast moving particles that can join together to form molecules. |
| Proton | Positive charged particle found in the nucleus |
| Neutron | Particle with no charge. Found in the nucleus |
| Electron | Negative charged particle found within the electron cloud . |
| Substance | A form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties, |
| Mixture | Combination of two or more pure substances (elements and/or compounds) which can be separated by physical means.(ex- air, blood, milk) |
| Heterogeneous mixtures | Contain components that are readily distinguishable |
| Homogeneous mixtures | Possess uniform component composition; components cannot be distinguished from one another |
| Compound | The chemical combination of two or more elements, which are designated in the Periodic Table. (baking soda, table salt) |
| Hydrogen | A colorless, odorless, flammable gas (it burns when exposed to oxygen and heat.) |
| Oxygen | A colorless, odorless gas that supports combustion (the burning of material). |
| Water | A colorless, odorless liquid that suppresses the burning of most materials. |
| Groups | Chemical elements arranged in columns according to their properties in periodic table |
| Periods | Rows in the periodic table |
| Element | A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. |
| Physical change | Does not alter the composition or identity of a substance. |
| Chemical change | Alters the composition or identity of the substance(s) involved. cooking food, iron rusting, substances burning) |
| Chemical reactions | Changes in the properties of the atoms and molecules involved from the result in the loss, gain, or sharing of electrons |
| Conduction | Heat flow through a material or movement of heat from one item to another through direct contact. |
| Convection | Heat flow via a moving fluid. |
| Radiation | Heat flow via light waves. |
| Atomic number | Number of protons in nucleus |
| Mass number | Number of protons+number of neutrons |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei |
| Solid | Closely packed and well defined structures |
| Liquid | Fluid cohesive phase |
| Gas | A fluid of dispersed molecules in air. |
| Molecules | Two or more Atoms are joined by chemical bonds |
| Chemical Bond | Chemical force linkages |
| Bond strength | Work needed to break bond |
| Reactants | Starting molecules |
| Products | Ending molecules |
| Composition | The types and amount of simpler substances that make up a sample of matter. |
| Property | A characteristic that gives a substance its unique identity. |
| Physical property | A characteristic that a sample of matter displays without undergoing a change in composition.(color , odor ,melting and boiling points) |
| Chemical property | A characteristic that a sample of matter displays as it undergoes a change in composition .( ex-log burns, seed sprouts and grows to plant.) |
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Potential Energy | Energy of position or stored energy |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of Motion |
| Temperature | A physical property related to the kinetic energies of atoms or molecules in a substance. An intensive property! |
| Heat | Energy that is transferred into or out of a system caused by a difference in temperature. |
Created by:
jazzyg
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