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Clinical chemisty
molecular and clinical chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As a separation technique, serum protein electrophoresis depends on: | the ratio of the protein's charge to hydrodynamic size |
| A malignant neoplasm of a clone of plasma cells that diffuse throughout the body and is diagnosed by the identification of a para protein in blood or urine is: | multiple myeloma |
| Using the reference image below, list the major electrophoresis zones in order of appearance from left to right. | __1__ Albumin __4__ Beta Globulins __2__ alpha-1 __5__ Gamma Globulins __3__ Alpha-2 |
| A nonspecific response to inflammation that includes elevation of certain plasma proteins and decreases others is referred to as: | acute phase response |
| A paraprotein is: | a monoclonal immunoglobulin |
| The pH at which a molecule such as a protein has a et charge of zero is referred to as the: | isoelectric point |
| A zwitterion is a(n): | ionized molecule with balanced negative and positive charges |
| Most proteins are synthesized: | by the hepatic parenchymal cells |
| Analyzing proteins in cerebral spinal fluid is done to: | assess permeability of the blood brain barier |
| The plasma protein that serves to transport a large number of compounds including bilirubin, calcium, drugs and free fatty acids is: | albumin |
| Match the acid-base properties to its corresponding structure displayed in each image. | Acidic Neutral Alkaline |
| The biuret reaction for protein quantification | copper ions complex with peptide bonds in proteins |
| Children have higher ALP activity than healthy adults because: | ALP leaks from osteoblasts during normal bone growth |
| An international unit (U) of enzyme activity is the amount of enzyme that will catalyze the reaction of: | one micromole of substrate per minute |
| The enzymes that demostrates highest serum activity in intrahepatic biliary obstruction and is also elevated in primary liver neoplasm is: | GGT |
| . The enzyme that is synthesized by acinar cells of the pancreas and that remains elevated in most individuals for at least one week after the onset of pancreatitis is: | Lipase |
| Which statement(s) below is(are) correct? | All of the above statements are correct |
| A reactant in a catalysis reaction that binds to the enzyme's active site is the: | substrate |
| Activity of which of the following isoenzymes of CK is highest in the serum of healthy individuals? | CK-MM |
| In the analytical enzymatic measurement of substrate, an enzyme reaction is accompanied by a change in absorbance of one component of the assay system. If this change is continuously monitored while it is occurring, the reaction is referred to as a(n): | Kinetic reaction |
| The graph on which the plot of 1/velocity versus 1/substrate concentration is illustrated is referred to as a: | Lineweaver-Burk plot |
| Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the reaction of glutamate and pyruvate to form 2-oxoglutarate and an amino acid? | ALT |
| Which of the following enzymes demonstrates an increase in activity with progressive Duchenne muscular dystrophy, followed by a decrease as muscle mass decreases? | CK |
| Measurement of decreased activity of which of the following enzymes is used to determine possible insecticide poisoning? | Serum Cholinesterase |
| The "active center" of an enzyme is: | that part of an enzyme at which substrate binding occurs |
| An electrophoretic separation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes that demonstrates and elevation in LD-1 and LD-2 in a “flipped” pattern is consistent with: | Myocardial infarction |
| A serum sample is drawn in the emergency room from a 43 year old male and the following results were obtained:Laboratory Test Patient Results Reference Range CK 185 IU/L 15-160 IU/L AST 123 IU/L 0-48 IU/L CK-MB 4% 0-5%n | Crushing injury to the thigh |
| Every enzymatic reaction follows a specific kinetics as it proceeds from enzyme + substrate to product + enzyme. As substrate is consumed, the reaction rate decreases and becomes directly proportional to the amount of substrate that is present in low con | first-order kinetics |
| The oxidoreductase that is increased significantly during hemolytic anemia is: | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| The most widely used method of isoenzyme analysis that allows the best discrimination between antigenically distinct isoenzymes derived from multiple-gene loci is: | an immunochemical method |
| In the laboratory measurement of ALP, a chromogenic assay forms the basis of almost all current methods used for ALP analysis. The substrate in this assay is | 4-nitrophenyl phosphate |
| The Michaelis-Menten constant is: | KM |
| An enzyme assay during which a single measurement is taken at the termination of the enzymatic reaction is referred to as a: | End Point assay |
| The serum enzyme that demonstrates an increase in activity 4-8 hours after an attack of acute pancreatitis, peaks at 24 hours and then returns to normal within a week is: | Lipase |
| The most widely used ionization approach coupled with gas chromatography and used for comprehensive drug screening is: | electron ionization |
| Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is typically used for: | determination of trace elements |
| Which type of ionization technique uses an electron beam to ionize the reagent gas and produce a reactive species as a result of ion molecule reactions? | chemical |
| The soft ionization technique that uses a UV-absorbing compound upon which the analyte of interest is placed and eventually vaporized into a plume of ions directed into the mass analyzer is: | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization |
| which one of the following mass spectrometers does the fragmentation of ions take place after they have been separated by their mass-to-charge value in a first stage? | In a tandem mass spectrometer |
| How is trapping-type spectrometry different from typical beam-type mass spectrometry? | Trapping-type mass spectrometry uses an ion trap designed to collect ions in three dimensions instead of two dimensions as in a typical beam-type mass spectrometer |
| In a mass spectrometer, ion detection is typically accomplished through the use of an electron multiplier. This involves: | a chain of dynodes that “multiplies” the number of electrons to provide a detectable signal. |
| In a mass spectrometer, the ion with the highest abundance in the mass spectrum that is assigned a relative abundance of 100% is referred to as the: | base peak |
| Currently, the most widely used mass spectrometer, which is flexible, easy to use and relatively low cost is the: | Quadrupole MS |
| In mass spectrometry, the sum of all the ions produced is displayed as a function of time to yield a(n): | total ion chromatogram |
| What is the function of the vacuum system in a mass spectrometer? | To keep ions from colliding during interactions with the magnetic or electric fields |
| Which of the following classes of mass spectrometers involves ions making a single trip through the instrument and striking a detector? | Beam Type |
| Because of the ability to identify and quantify proteins in a complex mixture, mass spectrometry combined with separation methods is an excellent analytical tool used specifically in the field of: | proteomics |
| In pregnancy testing, for example, the stationary phase is nitrocellulose paper and the hCG antigen is present in a urine sample, which is considered the mobile phase.The antigen in the mobile phase binds with an antibody in the stationary phase. | Affinity |
| In column chromatography, unknown analytes are identified as the pas through a detector. Comparison of the ________ of unknown analytes with that of the internal standard is the method used for unknown identification | Retention time |
| Which of the following statements concerning chromatography is correct: | in affinity chromatography, a hormone can bind to its receptor that is coated on glass or resin beads |
| A highly sensitive, specific and quantitative method that uses pressure to push sample and solvent through a column is: | HPLC |
| You are preparing placental tissue for separation and isolation of a specific enzyme. The enzyme has a negative charge, so you want to use chromatography to perform your task. Which one of the following chromatographic separation mechanisms would be | Ion-exchange |
| Which phase of chromatography carries the sample | Mobile phase |
| The most commonly used detector for clinical analysis of analytes after gas chromatography is a: | Flame ionization |
| Which component of a gas chromatograph introduces as aliquot of sample to be analyzed into the column? | Injector |
| To be analyzed by gas chromatography, a compound must | e volatile or be made volatile |
| Spotting a specimen on a silica-coated glass plate and calculating the retention factor for migrated substances is an sample is referred to thin layer chromatography. What classification of chromatography is this? | Planar |
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