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ASCPi Recalls: Micro
ASCPi Recalls
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antibiotic appropriate for lower RTi caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae | Imipenem |
| Blood c/s from patient with Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis. Cultured on SBA but after incubation, negative (no growth). What should MLS do | Subculture in Pyridoxal-enhanced medium for Strep. mitis strain that is dependent on Pyridoxal and causes and "culture-negative endocarditis" |
| Aseptate hyphae with sporangiospore | Zygomycetes |
| Jaw surgery anaerobic gram negative cocci | Veilonella |
| Whooping cough specimen of choice | Nasopharyngeal swab |
| Common error in PCR | Nucleic acid contamination |
| Broad base budding cell | Blastomyces |
| Px with respiratory dss > SBA > beta-hemolytic gram positive cocci | Bacitracin test |
| Preferred testing for Legionella | Urine antigen testing |
| Cat bite fever | Pasteurella multocida |
| Cat scratch disease | Bartonella henselae |
| Gram positive bacilli > nonmotile > nonhemolytic > catalase positive > spore former | Bacillus anthracis |
| Virus > Stool/feces as specimen of choice | Rotavirus |
| Pharyngitis > kidney biopsy | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Tuberculosis WBC count | Monocytosis PS. found in chronic disease; also in endocarditis |
| Bacteria with no cell wall causes this disease | Walking/ Atypical pneumonia: Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| Routine method for Rotavirus detection | Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) |
| "Tap water bacillus"; laboratory contaminant | Mycobacterium gordonae |
| Kidney-shaped, gram negative cocci | Neisseria gonorrhoea |
| Gram positve cocci in chains > bile esculin positive > no growth in 6.5% NaCl > PYR positive | Group D Streptococcus needs confirmation: Streptococcus bovis |
| Detected by latex agglutination test for Staphylococcus aureus | Clumping factor and Protein A |
| Diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B infection | High titers of IgM anti-HBC |
| Bile esculin positive > 6.5% NaCl positive > PYR negative > LAP positive | Leuconostoc |
| Purpose of potassium permangate in auramine rhodamine | Quenching agent |
| Requires olive oil | Malassezia furfur |
| Mucor | No rhizoids |
| Lifetime marker of hepatitis B infection | anti-HBC |
| Parasite causes autoinfection | Strongyloides stercoralis |
| Sterilization process: steam under pressure | 121C for 15 mins |
| The absence of mature trophozoite and schizont is observed amongst which Plasmodium spp. | P. falciparum |
| Hair perforation test | Trichophyton mentagrophytes (+) vs Trichophyton rubrum (neg) |
| Transudate | non-inflammatory |
| Test to differentiate Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida | Growth at 42C |
| HIV test first run: reactive 2nd test run: nonreactive | Confirm with western blot |
| Types of media | |
| Aerobes vs anaerobes | |
| Incubation and storage requirements | |
| Specimen collection and transport | |
| QC | |
| Identification of bacteria/fungi/virus/parasite, Characteristics Methods Staining Antibiotics | |
| Culture and sensitivity testing | |
| Automation | |
| Biochemical tests | |
| Diagnosis and treatment | |
| antler hyphae | Microsporum audouinii |
| What grows on chocolate agar | Haemophilus spp. (requires X and V factor) |
| Double zone of hemolysis and beta lactamase | Clostridium perfringens |
| Double zone bacteria. Confirmation test | Clostridium perfringens. Positive reverse CAMP test using Streptococcus agalactiae |
| Gram negative bacilli > beta-hemolytic > oxidase positive | Aeromonas (hydrophila) |
| Gram negative diplococci > OPNG negative | Neisserria meningitidis |
| HTLV- confirmatory test | Western blot assay |
| Hepatits B infection marker found in individuals with a past infection | Anti-HBc or HBcAb |
| Patient has walking pneumoniae and is prescribed penicillin. 2 weeks later, still sick. What happened? | Bacteria has no cell wall |
| Took a swab sample from a wound and incubated on three different medias (including anaerobic media). No growth on media. What happened? | Swab material inhibited the sample. |
| Gram positive cocci resistant to furazolidone | Micrococcus |
| Chopped meat agar (iron and glycerol) needed for isolation of? | Anaerobes |
| Differentiating biochemical tests for Yersinia pestis and Yersinia enterocolitica | All Yersinia spp. are nonmotile at 37C but motile at 25C Yersinia pestis is nonmotile at both 37C and 25C |
| Treponemal test with highest specificity and sensitivity | Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test |
| Immunity test for Cytomegalovirus (answer needs confirmation) | Viral culture |
| Blastoconidia are the beginning of | Pseudohyphae "When the production of blastoconidia continues without separation of the conidia from each other, a pseudohypha, consisting of a filament of attached blastoconidia, is formed." |
| Organism that gives off a bleach-like odor in culture | Eikenella |
| This spiral-form organism is seen in urine and cultured on Fletcher's media | Leptospira interrogans |
| Klebsiella spp. > mucoid, pink colonies on MacConkey agar > A/AG > indole positive | Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella ornithinolytica |
| Gram negative bacilli > indole positive > phenyalanine deaminase positive | Proteus vulgaris Proteus mirabilis but indole negative |
| You see a curved gram negative bacilli. It was cultured from the GI tract of a person with ulcers. What test would you do next to confirm its identity? | Rapid urease test for Helicobacter pylori |
| A person was successfully treated for syphilis 12 years ago. However, he has just come in again, worried about having been re-infected. What would you look for in his blood? | VDRL (answer needs confirmation) |
| Which of the following species of Mycobacterium might be associated with contamination of the hot water system in large institutions such as hospitals? | Mycobacterium xenopi "...is a thermophile (survives in hot water systems and natural hot water reservoirs) and resistant to common disinfectants enabling it to contaminate laboratory samples and medical devices." |
| 3 pairs of hooklets | H. diminuta (answer needs confirmation) |
| Rhinocladiella description | growth on the side and around the tip (answer needs confirmation) |
| Beta-hemolytic, spore-forming bacteria | Bacillus spp. Gram positve bacilli, appearing like "box cars" |
| Non-hemolytic, spore-forming bacteria | Bacillus anthracis Gram positve bacilli, flat colonies with filamentous projections, "Medusa-head" |
| Enterobacteriaceae that is MR negative | Enterobacter Klebsiella |
| Test to differentiate between Citrobacter spp. and Escherichia coli | Citrate utilization test Citrobacter spp. positive Escherichia coli negative |
| Test to differentiate Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. | Motility and Ornithine decarboxylase Klebsiella spp. negative for both Enterobacter spp. positive for both |
| Differentiate different species of Enterobacter | Lysine decarboxylase, Arginine hydrolase E. cloacae is lysine decarboxylase negative, arginine hydrolase positive E. aerogenes is lysine decarboxylase positive, arginine hydrolase negative |
| MacConkey Agar | -both selective and differential -contains bile salts and crystal violet as selective agents that inhibit the growth of gram positive organisms -can be used to simplify the isolation of gram negative organisms from a mixed culture |
| Neutral red | pH indicator -under acid conditions it turns hot pink -when alkaline it is tan -when neutral it appears a dusty rose color |
| Lactose positve on MacConkey Agar | If bacteria ferments lactose, pink colonies. In addition, if enough acid is produced they may precipitate the bile salts resulting in a cloudy pink ring around the colony. |
| Lactose negative on MacConkey Agar | Gram negative bacteria that do not ferment lactose remain translucent or the color of the medium. Others may turn alkaline (tan). |
| IMViC series | -Battery of 4 very useful tests in the identification of Enterics -especially important as the distinguishing series between 2 closely related bacteria, Escherichia coli and Entrobacter aerogenes |
| Indole Test | Some bacteria have the enzyme tryptophanase Tryptophan + water ---> (tryptophanase) indole + pyruvate + ammonia |
| Indole reagant | -Kovac's indole reagant -positive test is an unmistakeable bright red layer floating atop the medium -negative tests vary from yellow to yellow-green to orange |
| Methyl Red test | -MRVP medium contains glucose, the substrate of both the methyl red and Voges-Proskauer tests -some bacteria convert the glucose to many acids and are known as mixed acid fermenters -Glucose: acid end product |
| Methyl Red reagent | Methyl red -if the media turns red (pink) the test is MR positive -if the media turns yellow, the test is MR negative |
| Vogues-Proskauer test | -determines ability of bacteria to utilize the butylene glycol fermentation pathway; specifically we will test for an intermediate compound in this pathway, acetylmethylcarbinol (AMC) Glucose---> AMC---> butylene glycol (less acid than MR) |
| Vogues-Proskauer reagent | Alpha-napthol and KOH -Agitate vigorously and repeat the agitation periodically for 30 mins -pink to red color indicates a positive VP test -no color change indicates negative VP test |
| Citrate Utilization test | -substrate for Simmons Citrate Agar: citrate -only carbohydrate source -if bacteria cannot utilize citrate they will not grow on this medium -bacteria that can utilize citrate will incorporate it in aerobic pathways and produce alkaline end products |
| Citrate Utilization reagent | -pH indicator is bromthymol blue and is already incorporated into the medium -acid pH: yellow -neutral: emerald green -alkaline: blue |
| Citrate Utilization reaction | -Blue color on the slant indicates a positive citrate test -if there is no change in the medium (stays green), the test is negative |
| Enterics > Lactose fermenters | Citrobacter Escherichia Enterobacter Klebsiella |
| Enterics > Non-lactose fermenters | Shigella Yersinia Proteus Salmonella Morganella Providencia Serratia Edwardsiella |
| Enterics > Non-lactose fermenters > H2S negative | Shigella Yersinia |
| Enterics > Non-lactose fermenters > H2S positive | Proteus Salmonella |
| Enterics > Non-lactose fermenters > nonmotie | Shigella |
| Test to differentiate Shigella species | Mannitol Shigella dysenteriae is the only one that is negative |
| Test to differentiate the Mannitol positive Shigella spp. | |
| Phenyalanine deaminase positive | Proteus Morganella Providencia |
| Phenyalanine deaminase negative > H2S positive | Yersinia |
| Test to differentiate between Providencia and Morganella | Citrate (answer needs confirmation) |
| Ornithine decarboxylase result among Yersinia spp. | Yersinia enterocolitica is positive Yersinia pestis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are negative (answer needs confirmation) |
| E. coli ID | Spot indole + oxidase - gram negative rods B-hemolytic. If negative hemolysis, do PYR. Negative PYR |
| Pseudomonas ID | Oxidase + G- rod with typical smell. Metallic, rough, pigmented or extremely mucoid. Indole - |
| cyclocerine-cefoxitin-fructose agar (CCFA) | selective for C. difficile |
| deoxycholate agar (DEA) | Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae. inhibitory for gram positives. |
| Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (XLD) | xylose lysine deoxycholate agar for selection and differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae. Shigella is red or yellow. Salmonella are yellow then red sometimes with black centers. |
| Spp positive for phenylalanine deaminase | Morganella, Providencia, Proteus |
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