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3U Chem Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Diatomic molecule | When an element cannot exist by itself but must bond with another atom or with itself (eg. oxygen) |
| Standard State | State of matter (solid, liquid or gas) of an element at room temperature. |
| Ionization energy | Amount of energy required to pull off one electron from an atom |
| Electron Affinity | Amount of energy released when one electron is added to a neutral atom |
| Electronegativity | The ability of an atom to attract shared electrons in covalent bonds |
| Atomic radius | measured in picometers; shows the distance between the centre of the nucleus of an atom and its valence shell |
| isotopes | elements that have same number of protons and electrons, but different number of neutrons |
| average atomic mass | weighted average of the masses of all stable isotopes of that element |
| Oxoacids | composed of hydrogen, oxygen + other atoms eg. H2SO4 |
| Zeff | how effective the protons in the nucleus are at attracting valence electrons (effectiveness decreases as number of inner shielding electrons increases) |
| Bases | compounds that separate in water to release a hydroxide ion (OH- ion) |
| Acids | compounds that separate in water to release a hydrogen ion (H+ ion) |
| nonpolar covalent bond | if the electrons are equally shared |
| Temperature | average kinetic energy of the particles |
| Kinetic Molecular Theory | all matter is made of particles that are MOVING, SEPARATED BY SPACE, and SPEED UP when heated |
| Physical property | an aspect of matter that can be observed or measured without changing it |
| Chemical property | may only be observed by changing the chemical identity of a pure substance |
| polar covalent bond | if the difference in electronegativity is between the two atoms sharing a bond is 0.41-1.7 |
| ionic bond | if the difference in electronegativity is between the two atoms is greater than 1.7 then there is a transfer of electrons from the metal to the nonmetal. Electrons are NOT shared. |
| dissociates | what happens to an ionic solid when it dissolves in water...it separates into its component ions |
Created by:
jcepella
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