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Chemistry Definition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything the occupies space and has mass |
| Diffusion | The spreading of materials due to the movement of their particles. |
| Sublimation | When a solid turns directly into a gas |
| Melting Point | The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid |
| Boiling Point | The temperature at which a liquid changes to gas throughout the liquid. |
| Evaporation | The changing of a liquid to a gas at the surface of the liquid. |
| Condensation | The changing of a gas to a liquid |
| Element | A substance that cannot be spilt into simpler substances by chemical means. Contains only 1 atoms. |
| Compounds | A substance that is made up of two or more element combined together chemically. Contains two or more atoms |
| Mixture | Consists of two or more atoms mingled with each other but not chemically combined |
| Solvent | A substance that dissolves other materials to form a solution |
| Solute | A substance that dissolves in a solvent |
| Solution | The mixture of a solute and solvent. |
| Suspension | A mixture in which small solid/liquid particles are suspended in a liquid/gas |
| Dilute solution | Small amount of solute. Large amount of solvent |
| Concentrated | Large amount of solute. Small amount of solvent. |
| Saturated Solution | Contains as much dissolved solute as possible at a given temperature |
| Solubility | The mass of substance that will dissolve in 100g of solvent at a fixed temperature |
| Solubility Curve | A graph showing the solubility of a substance a different temperatures |
| Crystal | A solid regular shape. The particles inside the crystal are arranged in a regular pattern. |
| Crystallisation | The formation of crystals when a hot saturated substance is cooled. |
| Filtration | A method of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid using a material that slows the liquid to pass through but not the solid. |
| Filtrate | The liquid that has been filtered |
| Residue | The solid remaining on the filter paper |
| Distillation | The vapourising of a liquid by boiling it and then condensing the vapour by cooling it |
| Distillate | The purified liquid produced by condensing the vapour during distillation |
| Paper chromatography | A method of separating mixtures of substances in solution |
| Chromatogram | The strip of paper on which the parts of a mixture have been separated by chromatography |
| Indicator | A compound that shows us by means of colour change whether something is and acid or a base. E.g litmus paper |
| Atom | Smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This is also the number of electrons in the atom |
| Mass number | Number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| Periodic Table | And arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number |
| Molecule | A group of atoms joined together. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently. E. G water |
| Ions | Charged atoms |
| Iconic Bonding | The force of attraction between the positive and negative charges binds the ions together |
| Covalent Bonding | Bonding that consists of shared electrons. This happens when neither of the elements wants to lose an electron |
| Neutralisation | The reaction between ans acid and à base. Forms a salt and water |
| Acid Rain | Rain water with a pH of less than 5.5 |
| Sustainability | The conservation of balances in the world ecology indefinitely |
| Sustainable Development | Development that means of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs |
| Fuel | Any substance that burns in oxygen to produce heat |
| Fossil Fuels | Fuels that were formed from the remains of plants and animals from millions of years ago |
| Hydrocarbons | Compounds consisting of only hydrogen and carbon. When burned CO2 and water are formed |
| Biofuels | Fuels made from plants |
| Greenhouse Effect | The natural trapping of the suns energy by the atmosphere |
| Enhanced Greenhouse Effect | Increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that is causing the earth to become warmer. |
| Pollution | The addition of harmful substances to the environment in quantities greater than can be dealt with efficiently by the environment itself. |
| Exothermic Reaction | Gives out heat. Eg Respiration |
| Endothermic Reaction | Takes in heat. Eg photosynthesis |
| Effective collision | One that results in the formation of new products |
| Activation Energy | The minimum energy that colliding particles must have in order for effective collision to take place ( a reaction to occur) |
| Energy Profile Diagrams | A graph that shows the change in energy in a chemical reaction with time as the reaction takes place |
| Chemical Reaction | A change that results in the formation of one or more new substances |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | When a chemical reaction occurs, the total mass of the reactants is always equal to the total mass of the products. |
| Rate of Reaction | Change in concentration per unit time of any one reactant or product |
| Catalyst | A substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction |
| Lustrous | Shiny |
| Ductile | Can be stretched |
| Malleable | Can be beaten into various shape |
| Metal | An element that tends to form positive ions |
| Non metal | An element that tends to form negative ions |
| Alloy | A mixture of metals |
| Rusting | A chemical reaction in which iron is change into a new substance (rust-iron oxide) |
Created by:
Ak0406
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