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Inferences
Probability and Statistics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Box-and-Whisker Plot | A special type of diagram showing Quartiles 1, 2, and 3 in a box, with lines extending to the lowest and highest values |
Frequency | the number of times an event occurs in an experiment |
Histogram | a graphical display where the data is grouped into ranges (such as 100-149, 150-199, etc.) and then plotted as bars |
Inter-Quartile Range IQR | a measure of variability, based on dividing a data set into quartiles; Q3-Q1 |
Maximum Value | The largest value. |
Mean | The Arithmetic Mean is the average of the numbers: a calculated "central" value of a set of numbers. To calculate it: • add up all the numbers, • then divide by how many numbers there are. |
Measures of Center | Any of several methods used to find a "central value" of two or more numbers. |
Measures of Spread | Measures of spread describe how similar or varied the set of observed values are for a particular variable (data item). Measures of spread include the range, quartiles and the interquartile range, variance and standard deviation. |
Median | The "middle" of a sorted list of numbers. To find the Median, place the numbers in value order and find the middle number. |
Minimum Value | The smallest value. |
Mode | The number which appears most often in a set of numbers. |
Mutually Exclusive | Events that can't happen at the same time. |
Outlier | A value that "lies outside" (is much smaller or larger than) most of the other values in a set of data. |
Range | The difference between the lowest and highest values. |
Sample | A selection taken from a larger group (the "population") that will, hopefully, let you find out things about the larger group. Samples should be chosen randomly. |