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chem popquiz (24-30)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| (simple) distillation | separating homogeneous mixtures in liquid form by raising the temperature until the more volatile component evaporates; the vapor is collected, cooled, and condensed into the pure liquid |
| fractional distillation | used when several liquids in the mixture have similar boiling points; beads in a column, bottom heated, top cool, more volatile escape and vaporize |
| fractional crystallization | used to purify a solid with a small impurity;mixture is dissolved in hot solvent then slowly cooled |
| chromatography | used to separate complex mixtures; based on differing interactions of each component in the mixture with a stationary liquid/solid phase; |
| paper chromatography | a drop of the mixture to be separated is put on paper, paper is placed in solvent |
| column, gas | more advanced forms of chromatography that allow larger amounts of a chemical to be separated and collected |
| subatomic particles | smaller particles that make up atoms |
| protons, neutrons | two types of subatomic particle found in the nucleus |
| nucleus | dense central core of the atom |
| electrons | orbit the nucleus in unpredictable paths |
| Sir Humphry Davy, Michael Faraday | chemists who used electricity to decompose chemical compounds |
| Deorge stoney | proposed that units of electrical charge-negatively charged particles-were associated with atoms |
| electrons | what Stoney named the theoretical particles |
| cathode | negatively charged electrode |
| anode | positive electrode |
| Julius Plucker | first to discover cathode rays |
| cathode rays | phenomenon where gas left between cathode and anode glows; |
| Sir William Crookes | designed an improved tube in which the cathode rays missed the anode and struck the end of the tube instead, causing it to glow |
| J. J. Thomson | demonstrated that cathode rays are composed of negatively charged particles |
| Robert Millikan | performed an experiment in which he used x-rays to knock electrons off atoms in oil droplets and measured how fast the charged droplets fell in an electric field |
| Eugen Goldstein | showed that a CRT produces not only negative rays, but also positive rays flowing in the opposite direction |
| canal rays | positive rays in a CRT that pass through the holes in the cathode and produce a fluorescent glow |
| Wilhelm Wien | helped Thomson discover protons |
| protons | positively charged particles in the canal rays |
| Ernest Rutherford | proved that all matter has protons |
| plum-pudding model | Thomson's idea of the atom as a sphere of positive charge with embedded electrons |
| Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden | disproved Thomson's plum-pudding model |
| Rutherford | proposed that atoms had a nucleus containing most of the mass and all of the positive charge; electrons orbit the nucleus |
| planetary model | Rutherford's model of the atom |
| Sir James Chadwick | demonstrated Rutherford's theory of a neutral particle |
| neutron | neutral particle in the atom |
| quarks | supposedly make up the protons and neutrons |
| up and down | two types of quark |
| 1/3 | a quark is how much of a proton/neutron's mass |
| +2/3 | up quark charge |
| -1/3 | down quark charge |
Created by:
tatianaprince
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