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CHAPTER 15
UNIT 2- MIDTERM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Innate immunity, also called natural or native immunity, consists of mechanisms that respond specifically to: | MICROBES |
| A client who was exposed to hepatitis A at a local restaurant has recovered from the disease. At her annual physical, the client asks the health care provider if she should go to her health department and get the hepatitis A “shot.” The best response, | “No, since having an active case, you have already developed antigens against hepatitis A.” |
| A student asks, “What does cell-mediated immunity mean to the client?” The instructor responds. “This means: | The body is trying to defend itself against intracellular microbe invasion by engulfing and destroying the microbe.” |
| infected wound from a bike accident. He asks, “How does my body fight off the germs in my scraped arm?” Which is the nurse's best response? “The cells that plays the central role related to the innate immune response to an infectious microorganism are: | Neutrophils.” |
| A mother of a child diagnosed with strep throat asks, “Why are the lymph nodes in my child's neck swollen?” The nurse will base her response knowing that dendritic cells help: | Phagocytose foreign agents/microbes and migrate them to regional lymph nodes |
| The cells that mediate humoral immunity do so because they are capable of producing: | ANTIBODIES |
| A client has recently received a pneumococcal vaccine and the client's B cells are consequently producing antibodies. Which of the following cells may enhance this production of antibodies? | HELPER T CELLS |
| While caring for a pediatric client admitted with a viral infection, the nurse knows that which type of cell will be the child's primary defense against the virus? | Natural killer (NK) cells |
| A child's thymus gland is fully formed and proportionately larger than an adult's. Which of the following processes that contributes to immunity takes place in the thymus gland? | Proliferation of T cells |
| While explaining immunity to a client, the nurse responds, “The body's internal organs are protected from pathogens because: | Our mucosal tissue contains all the necessary cell components to fight a pathogen with an immune response.” |
| A client's exposure to an antibiotic-resistant microorganism while in the hospital has initiated an immune response. Which of the following is responsible for the mediated and regulated actions that occur in this situation? | Cytokines released at cell-to-cell interfaces, binding to specific receptors |
| When discussing colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), the nurse explains that recombinant CSF is currently used to: | Increase the success rate of bone marrow transplantation |
| A sixth grade science teacher asks the students to explain the role of cilia in the lower respiratory tract. Which student response is the best? | “These little hairs move germs trapped in mucous toward the throat so the body can cough them out.” |
| The entrance of a microbe into an individual's vascular space has initiated opsonization. How will the health care provider explain this process critical in stopping the infiltration of the microbe through opsonization? Opsonization: | Coats a microbe to activate phagocytosis recognition |
| While discussing the effector function of activated members of the complement system, the faculty member will include which of the following concepts? Select all that apply. | Chemotaxis B) Opsonization C) Pathogen lysis |
| The effector cells of the immune system have the primary function of: | Eliminating the antigens |
| Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, with human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), are markers on all nucleated cells and have an important role in: | Avoiding transplant rejections |
| A 1-day-old infant was exposed to an infectious microorganism prior to discharge home from the hospital, but was able to affect a sufficient immune response in the hours and days following exposure. which of the following immunoglobulins assisted | IgG |
| A newborn has been lethargic, is not nursing well, and is basically looking ill. Following lab tests, it has been found that the newborn has IgM present in his blood. How should the nurse interpret this finding? | The presence of IgM suggests the infant has a current infection. |
| Prior to leaving on a backpacking trip to Southeast Asia, a college student has received a tetanus booster shot. This immunization confers protection by way of what immune process? | Secondary humoral response |
| A client's cell-mediated immune response has resulted in the release of regulator T cells. These cells will perform which of the following roles? | Suppressing the immune response to limit proliferation of potentially harmful lymphocytes |
| Which of the following clients is at the greatest risk for developing an intracellular pathogen infection? | An AIDS client with a decreased CD4 + TH1 count |
| The employee health nurse is working with a nursing student who has just sustained NEEDLE injury and has received a dose of hep B immune globulin. The nurse is counseling the student about vaccination against hepatitis B. indicates understanding? | “I need to start the hepatitis B vaccination series as soon as possible.” |
| Following delivery, the parents have chosen to have their infant's cord blood frozen. A blood test is performed on the cord blood and found to contain IgM antibodies. The nurse interprets this to mean: | The infant has been exposed to an intrauterine infection. |
| Which of the following findings are considered part of normal aging? Select all that apply. | Decrease in CD4 + count C) Decreased IL-2 level |
Created by:
krystalcarey