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CHAPTER 8
MIDTERM Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A client develops interstitial edema as a result of decreased: | Colloidal osmotic pressure |
| A client has been receiving intravenous normal saline at a rate of 125 mL/hour since her surgery 2 days earlier. As a result, she has developed an increase in vascular volume and edema. Which of the following phenomena accounts for this client's edema? | Increased capillary filtration pressure |
| The most reliable method for measuring body water or fluid volume increase is by assessing: | BODY WEIGHT CHANGES |
| A client with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis secondary to alcohol abuse has a distended abdomen as a result of fluid accumulation in his peritoneal cavity (ascites). Which of the following pathophysiologic processes contributes to this third spacing? | Abnormal increase in transcellular fluid volume |
| A 2-week-old infant (full-term at birth) is admitted to the pediatrics unit with “spitting up large amounts of formula” and diarrhea. The infant has developed a weak suck reflex. Which of the following statements is accurate in this situation? | Most full-term infants have a TBW of approximately 75% due to their high metabolic rate. |
| A client diagnosed with schizophrenia has been admitted to the emergency department (ED) after ingesting more than 2 gallons of water in one sitting. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes may result from the sudden water gain? | Water movement from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment |
| A nurse caring for a client with a diagnosis of diabetes insipidus (DI) should prioritize the close monitoring of which of the following electrolyte levels? | SODIUM |
| The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by: | Low serum sodium level of 122 mEq/L |
| In isotonic fluid volume deficit, changes in total body water are accompanied by: | Proportionate losses of sodium |
| A client with a history of heart and kidney failure is brought to the emergency department. Upon assessment/diagnosis, it is determined the client is in decompensated heart failure. , which are associated with excess intracellular waTER | LETHARGY, CONFUSION, SEIZURES |
| Which of the following assessments should be prioritized in the care of a client who is being treated for a serum potassium level of 2.7 mEq/L? | Cardiac monitoring looking for prolonged PR interval and flattening of the T wave |
| Of the following clients, which would be at highest risk for developing hyperkalemia? | A male admitted for acute renal failure following a drug overdose |
| A heart failure client has gotten confused and took too many of his “water pills” (diuretics). On admission, his serum potassium level was 2.6 mEq/L. Of the following assessments, which correlate to this hypokalemia finding? Select all that apply. | Polyuria B) Constipation D) Paresthesia with numbness of the lips/mouth |
| A client has been admitted for deterioration of her renal function due to chronic renal failure. Her admission K+level is 7.8 mEq/L. The nurse would expect to see which of the following | B) Prolonged PR interval with widening of the QRS complex C) Ventricular fibrillation |
| Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia by: | BLOCKING RELEASE OF CALCIUM FROM BONES |
| A female client with a history of chronic renal failure has a total serum calcium level of 7.9 mg/dL. While performing an assessment, the nurse should focus on which of the following clinical manifestations associated with this calcium level? | INTERMITTENT MUSCLE SPASMS AND NUMBNESS AROUND THE MOUTH |
| admitted with elevated magnesium level related to a history of renal insufficiency and excess use of antacids and laxatives containing magnesium. On admission assessment, the nurse notes which clinical manifestations that correlate to hypermagnesemia? | HYPOREFLEXIA &&& Paresthesia of the lips` |
| Magnesium is important for the overall function of the body because of its direct role in: | DNA TRANSCRIPTION AND REPLICAITON |
| Which of the following scenarios place the client at a high risk for developing hypoparathyroidism and require close supervision for assessing for development of muscle cramps, carpopedal spasm, convulsions, and paresthesia in the hands and feet? | A) A neck cancer client returning from OR after having a radical neck dissection B) A hyperthyroid client experiencing a “thyroid storm” requiring urgent thyroidectomy |
| As other mechanisms prepare to respond to a pH imbalance, immediate buffering is a result of INCREASED | Bicarbonate/carbonic acid regulation |
| Arterial blood gases of a client with a diagnosis of acute renal failure reveal a pH of 7.25, HCO3-level of 21 mEq/L, and decreased PCO2 level accompanied by a respiratory rate of 32. experiencing which disorder of acid–base balance | METABOLIC ACIDOSIS |
| A client semicomatose and a blood glucose reading of 673. He is diagnosed with DKA Blood gas results are as follows: serum pH 7.29 and HCO3–level 19 mEq/dL; PCO2 level 32 mm Hg. The nurse should anticipate that orders may correct this diabetic ketosis? | Initiating an insulin IV infusion along with fluid replacement |
| A 77-year-old a sudden and unprecedented onset of confusion. The client admits to ingesting large amounts of baking soda this morning to treat some “indigestion.” How will the woman's body attempt to resolve this disruption in acid–base balance? | HYPOVENTALATION |
| A client has received too much morphine (narcotic) in the postsurgical recovery room. Blood gas results reveal the patient has developed respiratory acidosis. Which of the following assessment findings correlate with acute primary respiratory acidosis? | IRRITABILITY Muscle twitching Respiratory depression |
| admitted to the hospital for testing for possible septic shock. The client reports light-headedness, dizziness, and tingling/numbness of the fingers and toes. The nurse understands that this is likely due to which physiological phenomenon? | DECREASE IN CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW |
Created by:
krystalcarey