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CHAPTER 3
MIDTERM unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PT w/poor arterial circulation in the lower limbs has developed areas of inflammation and “weeping” clear serous exudate chronic inflammation lasts for a long time, it has been ass. w/ which of the following changes in physiological response? | The death of one or more cells in the body within a localized area &&& FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW BLOOD VESSELS |
| During a lecture on inflammation, the physiology instructor discusses the major cellular components involved in the inflammation response. The instructor asks, “Which of the following cells arrives early in great numbers?” | NEUTROPHILS |
| A diabetic client has injured his foot while walking barefoot on the lawn. On admission, which of the following assessment findings would be considered a localized cardinal sign of acute inflammation? | REDNESS AND EDEMA AT THE SITE |
| client has just sheared the skin on her elbow while boost up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will occur during the vascular stage of the client's inflammation? | Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces |
| A client cuts herself with a sharp knife while cooking dinner. The client describes how the wound started bleeding and had a red appearance almost immediately. The nurse knows that in the vascular stage of acute inflammation, the vessels: | VASODILATE CAUSING THE WOUND TO BECOME CONGESTED causing the red color and warmth |
| spent an entire day on the beach without using sunscreen. The first night, their skin was reddened and painful to touch. The second day, they awoke to find large fluid-filled blisters over several body areas. which type of inflammatory response? | DELAYED RESPONSE |
| During lecture on wound care, the instructor mentions the final stage of the cellular response of acute inflammation. Of the following statements, which describes what physiologically occurs in the final stage? | Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages engulf and degrade the bacteria/cellular debris. |
| to the clinic with a swollen, painful “hang nail” on finger. There is a large pustule over the site that needs to be lanced. The health care worker knows that which mediator of inflammation causes this increase in capillary permeability and pain? | BRADYKININ |
| A client has an abscess in the mouth with a profuse amount of thick creamy white exudate. The nurse knows that this wound with necrotic cells is classified as: | MEMBRANOUS |
| In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by which of the following phenomena? | Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages |
| Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of experiencing chronic inflammation? A client who: | MORBIDLY OBESE WITH A SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE |
| Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of experiencing chronic inflammation? A client who: | TEMPERATURE, PULSE RATE 130, LOW URINE OUTPUT |
| Which of the following lab results confirm the client has developed an acute-phase inflammatory response? Select all that apply. | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 175 mm/h (high). Leukocytes (WBC) 18.7 cells/μL (high). C-reactive protein (CRP) 10.0 mg/L (high). |
| A client asks why his temperature is always below 98.6°F. The nurse responds: | Normal core temperature varies between individuals within the range of 97.0°F to 99.5°F. |
| A postsurgical client who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit states that she is “freezing cold.” Which of the following measures is likely to be initiated in the client's hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss? | Contraction of pilomotor muscles |
| An elderly client is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a draft in her room. she has requested a warm blanket while she sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is most likely the primary cause of her request? | RADIATION AND CONVECTION |
| Which of the following clients have a pathophysiologic process capable of causing fever by inducing the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply. | A farmer who cut his arm while sharpening his tools coming to clinic because of acute inflammation signs like fever and redness An older adult recuperating following a myocardial infarction A newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma client |
| Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that: | Produce leukocytosis and shivering |
| Which of the following clients is most likely to be susceptible to developing a neurogenic fever? A client who has: | SUSTAINED A HEAD INJURY IN A BIKE CRASH |
| recent malaise and high fever. Upon assessment, the client states that his current fever began 2 days earlier, although he states that for the last 2 weeks he is in a cycle of high fever for a couple of days & by a day or two of normal temperature | INTERMITTENT FEVER |
| Which assessment findings of a client with an elevated temperature would be considered a “normal” finding? Select all that apply. | FLUSHED SKIN, Pain when moving joints to sit up in bed Unusual fatigue and drowsiness |
| While sponging a client who has a high temperature, the nurse observes the client begins to shiver. At this point, the priority nursing intervention would be to: | STOP SPONGING AND RETAKE VITALS |
| A client arrived in the emergency department following 2 days of general malaise. The temperature is 103.8°F. The nurse administers the prescribed aspirin, an antipyretic. Which of the following statements relates to the rationale for this action? | These medications protect vulnerable organs, such as the brain, from extreme temperature elevation. |
| These medications protect vulnerable organs, such as the brain, from extreme temperature elevation. | Infants are susceptible to serious infections because of their decreased immune function. |
| An 84-year-old client's blood cultures have come back positive, despite the fact that his oral temperature has remained within normal range. Which of the following phenomena underlies the alterations in fever response that occur in the elderly? | Disturbance in the functioning of the thermoregulatory center |
Created by:
krystalcarey