Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Rad bio final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the minimum lead requirement for lead aprons according to the NCRP | 0.25mm |
| To be in compliance with radiation safety standards, the fluoroscopy exposure switch must be | Dead man type |
| Any wall that the useful x-ray beam can be directed toward is called a | Primary |
| Primary radiation barriers usually require which thickness of shielding? | 1/16 inch lead |
| According to the NCRP the annual occupational dose-equivalent limit to thyroid, skin and extremities is | 500 mSv |
| The amount of time that x-rays are being produced and directed toward a particular wall is referred to as | Use factor |
| According to the NCRP, the annual occupational whole body does equivalent is | 50 mSv |
| The OSL dosimeter contains which type of detectors? | Aluminum oxide |
| Primary radiation barriers must be at least how high? | 7ft |
| Which cells are the most radiosensitive? | Lymphocytes (Rapidly dividing, immature) |
| The classifications of acute radiation syndrome include | -Hematologic -GI -CNS |
| This is the gonadal dose that, If received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic affect on the population as the actual doses is received by each of the individuals | Genetically significant |
| The term Effective dose refers to | Whole body dose |
| Stochastic/probabilistic effects of radiation are those that | Genetic/cancer effects years, months later or increased but not severity ALL OR NOTHING |
| Somatic effects of radiation are effects that Manifest | Individual that is exposed to radiation |
| What percent of the public exposure to radiation is from medical source? | 50% |
| The interaction between ionizing radiation and the target molecule that is most likely to occur | Indirect |
| Which ARS Requires the largest exposure before the associated effect become apparent | CNS Central nervous system |
| Irradiation of water molecules in the body and their breakdowns is termed | Radiolysis |
| Diagnostics x-ray is described as having what LET? | Low LET |
| Which Weighting factor is used to account for the differences in tissue characteristics when determining effective dose to biological material? | Wt |
| List what are considered to be secondary barriers | 1/3 inch lead equivalent Control booth |
| Bergonie and Tribindeau state that cells are more radiosensitive if they are | Rapidly dividing Immature Undifferentiated |
| A thermoluminescent dosimeter uses which type of processing? | Lithium Fluoride |
| The product of absorbed dose, tissue weighting factor, and radiation weighting factor is used to determine what? | Effective dose (EfD) |
| Your most radiosensitive portion of the G.I. tract is the | Epithelial tissue Small intestine |
| Any wall that the primary beam can be directed at it considered a | Primary barrier |
| The annual occupational dose limit is valid for who | Workers (Beta X & Gamma) |
| What unit of measurement is used for radiation dose to biologic material? | Sievert |
| LET Is defined as? | High / Low Radiation quality |
| What type of dose-response relationship represents radiation induced leukemia? | Linear non-threshold |
| Which of the interactions contributes most to occupational exposure? | Compton scatter |
| Which interactions contributes most to Patient dose? | Photoelectric |
| NCRP recommendation for effective occupational dose- equivalent limit is? | 50 mSv |
| Aluminum Filteration has its greatest effect on what photon energy level? | Low energy |
| Early symptoms of ARS include | Nausea Erythema Fever Infection Intestinal disorder blood disorders fatigue |
| Which type of personnel radiation monitor can provide an immediate reading | Pocket ionization chamber |
| What is the effect on RBE as LET decreases | Decreases |
| Which dosimeter is considered MOST sensitive and most accurate | OSL (least sensitive = film badge) |
| Biologic material is the LEAST sensitive under which oxygenated conditions | Low or no oxygen (Anoxide=hypoxi) |
| Effects of DNA irradiation may include | Reproductive death mutations |
| Which interaction between radiation and target molecule involves formation of a free radical? | Indirect radiolysis |
| The cardinal principles of radiation protection include | Time Distance Shielding |
| A controlled area is defined as | Wearing dose monitors |
| Diagnostic x-rays are Currently described as having what energy level and which LET | Low energy, low LET |
| The law of Bergonie and Tribondeau States that cells are more radiosensitive under which conditions | Higher Oxygenation |
| The photoelectric effect is more likely to occur when | High affective atomic number - lower absorbing |
| If a quantity of ionizing radiation is delivered to a body over a long period of time the effect | Is less than the entire body at once Fractionation |
| Which tissues are composed of nondividing, differentiated cells | Muscle and nerve (Highly specialized) |
| What is the term used to describe x-ray photons interaction with matter and the transference of part of the photon energy to matter | Attenuation |
| LET Is best defined as | Amount of energy absorbed (Radiation quality) |
| Types of structural damage to a DNA molecule by ionizing radiation include | Single / double |
| The reduction in the intensity of an x-ray beam as it passes through material is termed | Attenuation |
| What is used to illustrate the relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and possible resultant biologic responses | Dose response curve |
| Classified tissues in order of increasing sensitivity | Muscle / nerve - least sensitive Epithelial - most sensitive |
| A unit of measurement used to express occupational exposure is | Sievert |
| What is the effect on RBE if LET increases | Increases |
| How do fractionation and protraction affect radiation dose effects | Less effect |
| Which unit is used to express exposure in air | Air Kerma and Gray |
| The least radiosensitive stage of human cell mitosis is | S (Most = G1, G2, M |
| Types of secondary radiation and barriers include | Leakage and scatter |
| Each time an x-ray scatters, it’s intensity 1M from the scattering object is what fraction of the original intensity | 1/1000 |
| What safety measures are recommended for the pregnant radiographer | Dosimeter Fetal monitor |
| The annual dose limit for medical imaging personnel includes radiation from | Occupational exposure |
| The operation of personal radiation monitoring can be based on stimulated luminescence. Which devices function in that manner | OSL TLD |
| A student videographer who is younger than 18 years must not receive an annual occupational dose greater than | 1 mSv |
| The Effects on radiation on biological material depends on several factors, if a large quantity of radiation is delivered to a body over a short period of time the effect | Is greater |
| The dose of radiation that will cause a noticeable skin reaction is referred to as the | SED Skin erythema dose |
| Examples of stochastic effects of radiation exposure include | Malignancy, leukemia, genetic affects |
| According to the NCRP, the pregnant radiographers gestational dose equivalent limit for a one month. Is | 0.5 |
| The target theory applies to | DNA |
| The skin response to radiation exposure which appears as reddening of the irradiated skin area is known as | Skin erythema dose |
Created by:
angelicacalore