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Sociology Quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929) | suggested that groups can broadly be divided into two categories: primary groups and secondary groups (C |
| Primary group | play the most critical role in our lives. The primary group is usually fairly small and is made up of individuals who generally engage face-to-face in long-term emotional ways. |
| Status | the responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to his or her rank and role in society. |
| Role | patterns of behavior that are representative of a person's social status. |
| Master status | is a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual. |
| Globalization | the integration of international trade and finance markets. |
| McDonaldization | George Ritzer 1993) refers to the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions. This business model includes efficiency (the division of labor), predictability, calculability, and control |
| Bureaucracy | formal organizations characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality. |
| social control | the regulation and enforcement of norms. |
| Deviance | behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. Involves violation of group norms, which may or may not be laws. |
| Primary deviance | is a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others. |
| Stigma | labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups, including "deviants" |
| Sanctions | penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm |
| Differential Association theory of deviance | Exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to crime. |
| labeling theory of deviance | Deviance is a label, not an action People with power protect their own interests and define deviance to suit their own needs |
| Cultural Deviance Theory | Conformity to the cultural norms of lower-class society |
| conflict theory of deviance | The conflict perspective looks at deviance in terms of social inequality and power.The rich and powerful use their positions to determine which acts are deviant and how deviants should be punished. |
| Power Elite Theory (CONFLICT THEORY) | Ability of those in power to define deviance in ways that maintain the status quo |
| Unequal System (CONFLICT THEORY) | Inequalities in wealth and power that arise from the economic system. |
| control theory of deviance | It is self-control or lack thereof, that leads to many forms of deviance. Feelings of disconnection from society |
| strain theory of deviance | A lack of ways to reach socially accepted goals by accepted methods. |
| Social Disorganization Theory | Weak social ties and a lack of social control; society has lost the ability to enforce norms with some groups. |
| Conformity | going along with peers who have no special right to direct your behavior |
| Obedience | compliance with higher authorities in an hierarchical structure |
| Commercial Function | |
| Entertainment Function | An obvious manifest function of media is its entertainment value. |
| Social Norm Functions | All forms of media teach us what is good and desirable, how we should speak, how we should behave, and how we should react to events. Media also provide us with cultural touchstones during events of national significance. |
| Life-Changing Functions | Like media, many forms of technology do indeed entertain us, provide a venue for commercialization, and socialize us. |
| Gatekeeping | Powerful individuals and social institutions have a great deal of influence over which forms of technology are released, when and where they are released, and what kind of media is available for our consumption, which is a form of gatekeeping. |
| Audience segmentation | a process of dividing people into homogeneous subgroups based upon defined criterion such as product usage, demographics, psycho-graphics, communication behaviors and media use. |
| Hyperreality | in semiotics and postmodernism, is an inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality, especially in technologically advanced postmodern societies. |
| secondary deviance | occurs when a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society. |
| Functionalism | is the perspective in sociology according to which society consists of different but related parts, each of which serves a particular purpose. |
Created by:
AndresRosado001