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RAD 141
Chp 1 and 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified? | c. Diagnostic efficacy |
| In a team approach to patient care, various participants 1. assume responsibility for their areas of expertise. 2. emphasize the importance of communication throughout the team 3. rotate as the person in charge of the team | d. 1 and 2 only |
| Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public? | BERT |
| What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units? | coulomb per kilogram |
| Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medical benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to | a. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible biologic damage. |
| The millisievert (mSv) is equal to | b. 1/1000 of a sievert. |
| X-rays: 1. Can have varying degrees of penetration in normal biologic tissue 2. Can be focused by a lens 3. Are invisible | b. 1 and 3 only |
| The term as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA) is synonymous with the term | c. optimization for radiation protection (ORP). |
| Why is a Q concerning amt of rad a pt received during an XR diff to answr? 1 Bc received dose is specified in a # of diff units of measure 2 Bc scien units for rad dose are normally not comprehensible by a pt 3 Bc pt shouldnt receive info about rad dose | c. 1 and 2 only |
| Conseq of ion n hum cells include1 creat unstable atoms.2. prod free elect.3 creat high react free radicals capable of prod sub poison to the cell.4 creat new bio moles detri 2 the living cell.5 injury 2 cell may manif itself as abnorm func or loss funct | 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 |
| Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation? | b. Effective dose |
| Which of the following statements below is true? | a. It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease. |
| Rad dep or individual rad tech can “pledge” to image gently. The pledge includes?1. Make the image gently message a priority in staff com each year.2. Review the protocol recom &, when necessary, implement adj to pract processes.3. Com openly w/ parents. | 1, 2 and 3 |
| Effective protective measures take into consideration 1. both human and environmental physical determinants. 2. technical elements. 3. procedural factors. | 1, 2 ad 3 |
| When radiation is safely and prudently used n the imaging of patients, the benefit of the exposure can be _____________ and the potential risk of biologic damage is ____________. | d. Maximized, minimized |
| Typically, people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is | b. greater than the risk involved. |
| Radiation has been present on Earth since: | c. Its beginning |
| The advantages of the BERT method are 1. it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison. 2. it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment. 3. it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend. | 1, 2 and 3 |
| X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation? | ionizing |
| How can hum safely control the use of radiant enrgy? 1. using the knowledge of rad-induced hazds that has bn gain over many yrs 2. employ effect meth to lmt or elim rad-induced hazds 3. completely eliminating the use of radiation in the healing arts | 1 and 2 only |
| In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program? | a. Radiation Safety Officer |
| The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following? 1. Time 2. Distance 3. Shielding | 1, 2 and 3 |
| If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can | c. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from the x-ray to natural background radiation received. |
| Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes? | ionizing radiation |
| Diagnostic efficacy includes 1. determining if an imaging procedure is justified. 2. obtaining images with minimal radiation exposure. 3. adhering to radiation safety guidelines. 4. revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient. | 1, 2, 3 and 4 |
| The whole-body TEDE regulatory limit for exposed personnel is _____________ and ______________ for the general public. | c. 0.05 Sv; 0.001 Sv |
| xr & gam ray photons w/ enrgy up to 3 mill (MeV), wich of follow rad quant may b def as measure of the tot elect chrg of 1 sign,ethr all (+) or all (-), per mass tht 2 types of rad gen n dry air at strd tmp&presure(760 mm Hg or 1 atmp at sea lvl & 22° C)? | exposure |
| The total kinetic energy released in a unit mass (kilogram) of air and expressed in metric units of joules per kilogram is | Air kerma |
| Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient’s body surface? | b. Dose area product |
| 0.2 Gy equals | 200 mGy |
| Wht do rad weighting fact take into consid? 1. The overall risk of exposure 2 hum from ionizing rad 2. Both the int and ext dose measurements 3. The fact tht some types of rad are more eff at causing bio dmg than other types of rad 4 a given dose. | 3 only |
| Which of the following units of measure are not SI units? 1. Roentgens 2. Coulombs per kilogram, grays, sieverts 3. Rads and rems | 1 and 3 only |
| What instrument can be calibrated to read air kerma? | b. Standard, or free-air, ionization chamber |
| Which of the following types of ionizing radiation produce virtually the same biologic effect in body tissue for equal absorbed doses? | b. X-rays, beta particles, and gamma rays |
| Ten sievert equal ____________ millisievert. | 10,000 |
| How is dose area product usually specified? | b. In units of mGy-cm2 |
| T/F Air Kerma is replacing the traditional quantity, absorbed dose. | False |
| Which of the following formulas is used to calculate effective dose? 1. EfD = (D x WR)1 + (D x WR)2 + (D x WR)3 2. EfD = D x WR x WT 3. EfD = D ÷ WR x WT | 2 only |
| Who was the first American radiation worker to die from radiation-induced cancer in October of 1904? | Clarence Madison Dally |
| T/F Skin erythema dose was an accurate way to measure radiation exposure because the same amount of radiation was required to produce erythema in every patient. | False |
| Which of the following are early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation that were experienced by early radiation workers? 1. Diffuse redness of skin 2. Blood disorders 3. Organ atrophy 4. Intestinal disorders | 1, 2 and 4 only |
| Who discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895? | c. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen |
| Cataract formation, fibrosis, reduced fertility and sterility are classified as | Late tissue reactions of ionizing radiation |
| Which of the following is the SI unit of electric current? | b. Ampere |
| In the SI system, an energy absorption of 1 J/kg of matter in the irradiated object equals which of the following? | 1 Gy |
| 1 gray equals | 100 cGy |
| As the intensity of x-ray exposure of the air volume increases, the number of electron–ion pairs produced | also increases |
| Beta particles are actually | high-speed electrons |
| If 400 people receive an average effective dose of 0.25 Sv, what is the collective effective dose? | 100 person-sV |
| In therapeutic radiology what SI units are now routinely used to specify absorbed dose? | d. Gray and centigray |
| What describes the amount of energy per unit of mass transferred from an x-ray beam to an object in its path such as the human body? | Absorbed dose Gray (Gy) |
| What is the SI unit of radiation exposure? | Coulombs (C/kg) |
| what is the radiation unit for x-ray equipment calibration in which x-ray output is measured directly with an ionization chamber? | Coulombs (C/kg) |
| If a patient undergoing x-ray therapy receives a total dose of 3000 RAD, the dose may be recorded as ______ if the SI system is used. | 3000 centiGray (cGy) |
| Ten Sievert equal _____ rem. | 1000 rem |
| Which of the following is equivalent to 1 rem? 1. 1/100 Sv 2. 1 centisievert (cSv) 3. 10 millisievert (mSv) | 1, 2, and 3 |
| In therapeutic radiology, which unit is replacing the rad for recording of the absorbed dose? | Gray (Gy) |
| One rad is equivalent to an energy transfer of? | 100 erg per irradiated object |
| Measures the rate of nuclear disintegration. | Becquerel (Bq) |
| the amount of radiation absorbed depends on 2 things name them: | 1. Energy or penetrating ability 2. Composition of the absorbing material |
| The coulomb is the SI unit of? | Electric charge |
| Convert 8000 rad to Gy | 8000 rad = 8000/100 rad per Gy = 80Gy |
| Convert 8 rad to Gy | 8 rad = 8/100 rad per Gy = 0.008Gy |
| Convert 450 rad to Gy | 450 rad = 450/100 rad per Gy = 4.5Gy |
| Convert 0.087Gy to rad | 0.087Gy = 0.087 x 100 rad per Gy = 8.7rad |
| A pt may elect to assume the relatively small risk of exposure to ionizing radiation to obtain essential diagnostic medical information when: 1. Illness occurs 2. Injury occurs 3. A specific imaging procedure for health screening purposes is produent | 1, 2, and 3 |
| Monitoring and reporting of patient dose for computed tomography and interventional procedures can lead to: | a reduction in patient radiation dose |
| Effective measures employed by radiation workers to safeguard patients, personnel, and the general public from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation defines: | radiation protection |
| What is a method that can be used to answer patient questions about the amount of radiation received from a radiographic procedure? | BERT |
| The amount of ionization produced in the air when ionizing radiation is present is known as: | Exposure |
| The degree to which the diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient while adhering to radiation safety guidelines defines what term | Diagnostic efficacy |
| An effective radiation safety program requires a firm commitment to radiation safety by: 1. Facilities providing imaging services 2. Radiation workers 3. patients | 1 and 2 only |
| If a child receives a dose of radiation in a CT scan where adult protocols are used, the child, because of being smaller in size, will receive a: | Higher effective dose than would an adult, but the image produced will be of acceptable quality. |
| Which of the following was used as the FIRST measure of exposure for ionizing radiation? | Skin Erythema |
| Which of the following is the unit of collective effective dose (ColEfD) | person-sievert |
| The concept of tissue weighting factor (Wt) is used to do which of the following? | account for the risk to the entire organism brought on by irradiation of individual tissues and organs |
| To convert the number of grays into miligrays, the number of grays must be | multiplied by 1000 |
| which of the following radiation quantities account for some biologic tissues being MORE sensitive to radiation damage than other tissue a- absorbed dose b- exposure c- equivalent dose d- effective dose | effective dose |
| The radiation weight factor for alpha particle is 20, and the tissue weighting factor for the lungs is .12. if the lungs receive an absorbed dose of 0.2 Gy from exposure to alpha particles, what is the effective dose in Sieverts? | 20 x .12 x .2 = 0.48 Sv |
| if 100 people received an avg effective dose of 0.35 Sv, what is the collective effective dose? | 35 person-sieverts |
| rad weight factor Wr has bn est 4 each of the fllwing ioniz rad: x-rays (Wr=1), fst neutns (Wr=20), & alpha part (Wr=20). Whts total EqD in sV 4 a prsn who received the followin expsrs: .2 Gy of x-rays, .07 Gy of fast neutrons, & .3 Gy of alpha particles? | 7.6 Sv |
| What is the SI radiation unit coulomb per kilogram used to specify? | Radiation exposure in air only |
| Kinetic energy release in matter | Kerma |
| Traditional unit for absorbed dose | Rad |
| doubly ionized helium atom | alpha particle |
| REM divided by absorbed dose | Quality factor |
| The SI unit for radioactivity | becquerel |
| Traditional unit for radioactivity | curie |
| equivalent to 100 rem | Sievert |
| energy transfer of 100 ergs | Rad |
| SI unit of biological effect | Sievert |
| Common use for personal radiation monitoring | REM |
| What does REM stand for? | Radiation equivalent man |
Created by:
Btran573