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English 7 - 1.1
English 7 - 1.1 Parts of Speech
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| communication | the exchange of thoughts, opinions, or information through speech or writing |
| unclear pronoun reference | a pronoun that does not have a clear antecedent |
| a noun can be | *subject of a sentence *object of a prepositional phrase *an object of the verb in the sentence |
| noun | a word used to identify people, places, things, and ideas |
| common noun | *a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea *examples: men, country, book, team |
| proper noun | *a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea *examples: Uncle Buddy, Spain, The Outsiders, Medford Renegades |
| concrete noun | *names something that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted *Examples of concrete nouns include the following: movie, thunder, perfume, puppy, and milkshake |
| abstract noun | names an idea, feeling, quality, or characteristic, such as patriotism, courage, beauty, grief, and humor |
| collective noun | *names a group of people or things. *Examples of collective nouns include flock, family, team, congregation, and class |
| Collective nouns are usually treated as _________________________. | singular nouns in sentences. *example, in the sentence, “The flock of birds is flying south,” flock is the singular subject, and is flying is the singular verb. |
| Count nouns can be made _____________. | plural. |
| Noncount nouns ___________ be made plural. | cannot |
| examples of non count nouns | examples of non count nouns |
| pronoun | a word that replaces a noun in a sentence |
| personal pronouns | ones that refer to people or things |
| examples of personal pronouns | I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, they, and them |
| antecedent | the word to which a pronoun refers |
| unclear pronoun reference | when it is not clear to whom the pronoun refers |
| indefinite pronoun | one that does not refer to a specific person, place, or thing |
| singular indefinite pronouns | anything, everyone, nobody, someone, something, and each |
| Indefinite pronouns that are always plural are.... | both, few, many, others, and several |
| if an indefinite pronoun is the subject of a sentence, it must agree with the _____ in number. | verb. (Singular indefinite pronouns must have singular verbs; plural indefinite pronouns must have plural verbs.) |
| verb | is a word that shows action or state of being |
| action verb | *words that show mental or physical action *swim, write, complete, send, and believe |
| Often, an action verb is accompanied by a ________ ________. | helping verb |
| example helping verbs | did, must, was, will, and could |
| action verb + helping verb = | verb phrase |
| Linking verbs (or state-of-being verbs) | connect the subject to a noun or adjective in the predicate |
| most frequently used linking verb is a form of the verb | be (am, is, are, was, were) |
| adjective | is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun |
| predicate adjective | * adjective that follows a verb in a sentence *"Your hat is lovely" lovely is the predicate adjective that describes hat |
| articles | *adjectives that identify nouns *a, an, the |
| adverb | word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb |
| Adverb Modifying a Verb | Emma stared longingly at the box of chocolates on the table. (The adverb longingly describes how Emma stared.) |
| Adverb Modifying an Adjective | Antonio was very surprised when he was recognized as MVP. (The adverb very modifies the predicate adjective surprised.) |
| Adverb Modifying Another Adverb | Marcia danced quite gracefully in her performance. (The adverb quite modifies the adverb gracefully, which describes how Marcia danced.) |
| preposition | a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence |
| example of a preposition | “The box under the bed contains old photographs,” the word under is a preposition showing the relationship between the noun bed and the word box. |
| conjunction | connects words and phrases in a sentence |
| three types of conjunctions | coordinating, correlative, and subordinating |
| coordinating conjunctions | *words that connect two or more parts of a sentence together *and, but, or, nor, for, yet, and so *Maggie’s favorite colors are blue and purple. |
| correlative conjunctions | *pairs of words that connect words and phrases in a sentence *both . . . and, either . . . or, neither . . . nor, and not only . . . but also *Both the president of our club and the vice president are sick today. |
| interjection | *a word or phrase that expresses emotion in a sentence but does not have any grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence *Wow! It snowed eight inches last night! (“Wow” is followed by an exclamation point.) |
Created by:
kara0601
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