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Propeller Intro
Propeller Overview and Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the basic parts of a propeller blade? | shank, leading edge, trailing edge, tip, blade face, blade back |
| Define propeller blade angle. | The angle between the plane of rotation and chord line |
| How are propeller blade stations measured? | From the hub center to the tip in inches |
| What is the term used when converting engine power to a usable form with a propeller? | Thrust |
| What are seven types of propellers used on aircraft? | fixed pitch, ground adjustable, controllable pitch, automatic pitch changing, constant speed, feathering, and reversing |
| On a ground adjustable propeller, high pitch is used for _________ and low pitch is used for ___________. | cross-country cruise, takeoff and climb |
| Fixed pitch propellers are usually made of: | wood, steel, aluminum, or composites |
| The automatic pitch changing propeller uses ____________ and _________ to activated changes in blade angle. | counterweights and aerodynamic forces |
| When using a constant speed propeller, what two engine (PLANK) variables should be monitored? | manifold absolute pressure (MAP) and revolutions per minute (RPM) |
| What is the advantage of feathering propellers? | reduces drag and limits propeller windmilling |
| What are the disadvantages of reversing propellers? | reduces engine cooling and foreign object damage (FOD) |
| What are the advantages of reversing propellers? | reduces brake wear and decreases landing rollout |
| What device/measuring instrument is used to measure the propeller blade angle at a specific station? | Propeller Protractor |
| The allowable difference in blade angles is: | One tenth of a degree |
| What is covered by FAR 21? | Certification of Parts and Products |
| What is covered by FAR 23? | Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, and Acrobatic Aircraft |
| What is covered by FAR 25? | Airworthiness Standards: Transport Aircraft |
| What is covered by FAR 33? | Engine Certification |
| What is covered by FAR 35? | Propeller Certification |
| What is covered by FAR 43? | Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alteration |
| What is covered by FAR 45? | Identification and Registration Markings |
| What is covered by FAR 65? | Airmen Other Than Flight Crew Members |
| What identification markings are found on the propeller hub? | Manufacturer name, model number, serial number, production certificate number, type certificate number |
| Explain static RMP related to propellers. | Maximum RPM in no wind condition at full horsepower (tachometer redline). Constant speed propellers must be below 103% of rated RPM. |
| To increase RPM and thrust, engine controls must move in the _____________ direction. | Forward |
| What is the meaning of the green, yellow, and red arc, and red radial line on engine instruments? | green-normal, yellow-precautionary, red arc- critical vibration, and red radial-maximum operating limit |
| What is the minimum structural clearance for a propeller and the nose wheel? | 1/2 inch |
| What is the minimum radial structural clearance for a propeller and the fuselage? | 1 inch |
| What is the minimum structural clearance for a propeller on a tricycle landing gear aircraft and the ground? | 7 inches |
| What is the minimum structural clearance for a propeller on a tail-wheel landing gear aircraft and the ground? | 9 inches |
| What is the minimum structural clearance for a propeller on a float gear aircraft and the ground? | 18 inches |
| On aircraft that uses oil pressure to feather the propeller, the oil tank is required to have a ____________ to ensure adequate oil supply. | stand-pipe |
| What type of maintenance and inspection can a Powerplant mechanic perform on an aircraft propeller? | adjustment, installation, minor repairs, and 100 hour inspection |
| A and P mechanics with an Inspection Authorization may perform ____________ inspection. | Annual |
| True or False. A mechanic with an inspection authorization may not approve major repairs and alterations to propellers and related parts and appliances. | True |
| What produces the thrust on a propeller? | airfoil shape, RPM, and blade angle of attack |
| The curved (cambered) part of the propeller blade is the _______ and the flat side is the __________. | back, face |
| Define propeller blade pitch distribution. | the gradual twist of the propeller blade from shank to tip |
| The theoretical distance a propeller moves forward through one revolution is known as _____________. | theoretical or geometric pitch |
| The actual distance a propeller moves forward through the air during one revolution is known as the ____________ | effective pitch |
| Define propeller slip. | the difference between the geometrical and effective pitch |
| Define propeller angle of attack. | the angle between the chord line and the relative wind |
| Propeller angle of attack will ______________ as the aircraft forward speed increases for a given propeller RPM. | decrease |
| As a standard, the most efficient angle of attack for a propeller blade is about _________ degrees. | four |
| The limiting factor with respect to RPM at which a propeller may operate is _______________ due to super sonic conditions. | tip speed |
| What are the five forces acting on a propeller when operating? | centrifugal force, torque bending force, thrust bending force, aerodynamic twisting moment, and centrifugal twisting moment |
| What operational force causes the greatest stress on a propeller? | centrifugal force pulling the blade out |
| How does thrust bending force act on the propeller blade? | tends to bend the blade forward |
| How does torque bending force act on the propeller blade? | tends to bend the blade in the opposite direction of rotation |
| How does aerodynamic twisting moment act on the propeller blade? | tends to turn the blades to a high angle |
| How does centrifugal twisting moment act on the propeller blade? | tends to decrease the blade angle |
| Engine power pulses cause a propeller blade to vibrate and set up __________ _________ _________ that cause metal fatigue and failure. | standing wave patterns |
| What types of woods are used to make wooden propeller? | hardwoods such as birch, mahogany, cherry, black walnut, oak |
| What is the preferred wood for wooden propellers? | Birch |
| Why is tip fabric used on the last 12 to 15 inches of a wooden blade? | to prevent separation of the plies and protect the thin edges of the trailing edge. |
| What type of metal is used for the leading edge and tip of a wooden propeller? | Brass, stainless steel, monel, ternplate |
| Why are three #60 drill hole placed on the outboard tip of a wood propeller metal cover? | to allow for water drainage |
| Propellers must be statically balanced both ____________ and ________. | horizontally and vertically |
| What is used to balance a wood propeller horizontally? | solder on the tip or add varnish |
| What is used to balance a wood propeller vertically? | add a balance plate to the side of the hub |
| During the manufacturing process of aluminum propellers they are _____________ to harden the surface and provide corrosion protection. | Anodized |
| How are propellers to be cleaned? | use mild soap and water |
| A nick in a propeller, within limits, can be filed out. The range of the worked area on the leading edge is limited to __________ times the depth of damage on each side. | five |
| The face of a propeller blade should be painted ________ _______. | flat black |
| A McCauley propeller having the designation 1A102/XYZ6948 will be _____ inches long and have a geometric pitch of ______ inches. | 69 and 48 |
| What are four of the primary aircraft propeller manufacturers? | Hamilton Standard, McCauley, Hartzell, Sensinich |
| How should propeller blade tips be painted? | primed and the last 4 inches painted with a high visibility impact resistant paint. |
Created by:
bgilbert