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7th Earth Science
7th Earth Science Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A rock that was once a different rock with a different mineral composition and/or texture is what kind of rock? | Metamorphic Rock |
| How many major rock types are in the rock cycle? | 3 |
| If two rocks have the same minerals but of very different sizes, what could have happened? | The minerals cooled at different rates from a magma |
| What was Wegener's continental drift idea? | The continents have moved slowly apart to their current locations. |
| Magnetic minerals in volcanic rock point to ______. | the north magnetic pole at the time they crystallized. |
| What is the lithosphere? | The brittle crust and uppermost mantle. |
| Heat in the mantle moves by ______. | convection |
| Compared to continental crust, oceanic crust ______. | is denser. |
| Before echo sounders, scientists thought topography of the seafloor ________. | was completely flat |
| At the time of reversed magnetic polarity, the north and south poles are ________. | in the opposite positions from where they are now. |
| Where is new oceanic crust created? | At mid-ocean ridges |
| Earth's plates are made of slabs of ________. | crust and upper mantle. |
| If a divergent plate boundary is found within a continent, ________. | the continent rifts apart. |
| Some seismic waves (S waves) cannot travel through the outer core so we know it is molten. T or F | True |
| We can hold something like the core in our hands: a metallic meteorite. T or F | True |
| Similar fossil records across continents was evidence for continental drift. T or F | True |
| The continents have never all been together as a single whole continent. T or F | False |
| The seafloor is oldest at the mid-ocean ridges. T or F | False |
| All volcanoes and earthquakes take place at plate boundaries. T or F | False |
| At transform plate boundaries two plates move toward each other. T or F | False |
| Seafloor Spreading is what makes the continents move. T or F | True |
| Igneous rocks form by the cooling of a ____. | magma |
| The natural transitions that change one rock type to another rock type are part of the _______. | rock cycle |
| _______ crust is made of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. | Continental |
| Warm mantle rises and sinks in a (n) _____. | convection current |
| Alfred Wegener named his single supercontinent _______. | Pangea |
| Coal is mined in many cold regions, but it is thought to form in _____ climates. | Tropical |
| The flat areas of the oceans are called the ______. | abyssal plains |
| When the magnetic poles switch positions, the _______ pole becomes the _____ pole. | north, south |
| New land is created at a ________ plate boundary. | divergent |
| The Hawaiian Island chain was formed by a (an) _______. | hot spot |
| What are the three types of plate boundaries? How do the plates move relative to each other? At which are there volcanoes or earthquakes? | Divergent- plates move away from each other. earthquakes & volcanoes Convergent- plates move together, volcanoes & earthquakes Transform- plates slide past one another, earthquakes |
| How and why does the seed fern, Glossopteris, provide evidence that the continents were once all joined together? | It was across all the southern continents. The seeds are too heavy to be carried by wind. Continents must have been close for this to show up on more than one. |
| Give a brief description of the three layers of the Earth. | Crust- thin, brittle outer shell, made of rock Mantle- made of hot, solid rock, heated by conduction Core- dense, made of iron, outer core liquid, inner core solid |
| Describe the patterns of the magnetic stripes around the mid-ocean ridge. | There is a layer on each side of the ridge, where the magnetic specks in the magma have moved in one direction, toward the north pole. Next to that layer there is another rippled in the opposite direction. This shows that the poles have reversed position |
Created by:
cromine