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AP Gov review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| form of government where most citizens participate directly in making public policy (New England Town Meeting) | direct democracy |
| type of government in which small groups of officials are elected to represent the people | representative democracy |
| the theory of power in which resources so widely scattered in our society that no single elite has a monopoly (competing interest groups) | pluralism |
| the theory of power in which government decisions are controlled by a powerful few elite such as key corporate leaders, military leaders, small group of key political leaders, key people in the media. | elitism |
| philosopher states that a just government will derive its powers from the consent of the people it governs and protect citizens' "life, liberty, and property" | John Locke |
| Madison argued for a strong national government with a separation of powers and checks and balances saying "If men were angles, not government would be necessary" | Federalist 51 |
| The government in effect from 1781-1788 had weak central government with no chief executive or national courts and a Congress that could not tax or maintain an army | Articles of Confederation |
| Compromise that called for bicameralism with representation in the upper house equal and representation based on population in the lower house | Connecticut Compromise |
| Added to the constitution in 1791 to protect citizens from the encroachment of the national government | Bill of Rights |
| Ratification debate- the group supported a strong central government and weaker state governments | Federalist |
| Name of powers specifically granted to one of the branches of the national government | Enumerated Clause (Expressed) |
| Provision in Article 1 of the Constitution that gives Congress its implied powers | Necessary and proper clause (Elastic) |
| Divisions of the national government into 3 branches, each with its own powers. The actions that each branch of the federal government can take against the other two to ensure oversight | Checks and Balances |
| Type of government where power is shared between the national and state government, with the national government supreme | Federalism |
| The clause in Article 4 says that states within the U.S have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial rulings" of other states such as honoring drivers licenses and divorces decrees from other states | Full faith and credit |
| The Constitutional amendment seen as the cornerstone of federalism and states rights, says that "powers not prohibited to the sites are reserved to the states" (reserved powers) | 10th amendment |
| 1819 decision, court ruled the creation of the national bank constitutional through the "necessary and proper clause" and forbid a state from taxing a bank via the supremacy clause | maryland v mucculloch |
| 1995, Supreme Court struck down gun free school zone act, congress exceeded its authority to legislate | U.S. v Lopez |
| Legal doctrine established in the Gitlow v New York in which portions of the Bill of Rights are applied to the states through the "due process clause of the 14th amendment" | Incorporation Clause |
| Federalism from 1801-1933 where there were clear decisions between the responsibilities of the federal and state governments | dual federalism |
| Federalism from 1933-NOW, federal and state governments have blurred and shares responsibilities | cooperative federalism |
| federal grants for specific purposes defined by federal law that requires states or localities to put up "matching funds" | categorical grants |
| Broad federal grants to states for prescribed activities like health care for the poor with only a few specific strings attached that allow states discretion in spending the money | block grant |
| attempt beginning with president Reagan to scale back the size and activities of the federal government and shift responsibility and power for domestic programs to the States | devolution |
| process by which children learn values beliefs about political culture | political socialism |
| the extent to which citizens believe they can understand and influence government | efficacy |
| linkage institutions connect citizens to their government | media, political parties, interest groups |
| demographic group that is least likely to vote (Age) | 18-24 |
| term refers to the differences is the political behavior of women and men | gender gap |
| those with this political ideology support a limited national government, a strong defense and lower taxes | conservative/republican |
| those with this political ideology support a strong national government, broad social programs, emphasis on civil rights | libertarian/democratic |
| individuals are hired by private interest groups to communicate and persuade members of congress to adopt policies | lobbyists |
| In this work, Madison argued that the remedy for the evils of faction and preserve liberty is a large republic | federalist 10 |
| name THREE constitutional amendments that deal with voting | 19, 17, 26, 15 |
| identify the biggest institutional Barriers to voting | registration |
| special election in which voters may vote in a party's primary only if they are registered members of that party | closed primary |
| closed meeting of party member in each state to the party's choice for presidential candidate | caucus |
| number of electoral college votes a presidential candidate must have to win the general election | 270 |
| money given in political campaigns directly to candidates which , by law must be reported | hard money |
| unregulated money spent in a campaign in the form of advertising, money to parties, etc | soft money |
| this law passed in 2002 sought to eliminate soft money contributions | find gold act (BCRA) |
| role of the press to keep track of polls during an election campaign | scorekeeper |
| role in which the media influence's what subjects become national political issues, and for how long | gate keeper |
| role in which the media maintains close eye on all important happening of major candidate; expose corruption, wrong-doings by candidates and government officials | investigative journalism |
| what the public thinks about a-particular issue or set of issues at any point in time | public opinion |
| the most common form of political participation in the U.S. | voting |
| identify two demographic groups that consistently vote for Democratic Party candidates | college(education), hispanics, blacks, women, unions |
| two demographic groups that consistently vote for republican candidates | white males, 65-older |
| two ways interest groups influence government | public interest, litigation, electioneering, lobbying |
| what Supreme Court decision in 1976 ruled that candidates could spend an unlimited amount of their own families money of their presidential campaign because it is protected free speech | Buckley v. Valeo |
| In what recent decision did the Supreme Court rule that "corporations are people too" with a first amendment right to contribute an unlimited amount money to political campaigns | citizens united v. FEC |
| issued by President that carry the force of law | executive order |
| international agreements made by a president that has force of treaty; does not need senate approval | executive agreements |
| informal institution created by George Washington for advice has no direct constitutional basis | cabinet |
| mini bureaucracy created by FDR in 1939 consists of advisory, policy making agencies like the Office of Management and Budget and the National Security Council that is responsive to individual presidents rather than to the executive branch | executive office of president |
| who in the White House staff acts as the "gatekeeper" to the president and decides who has access to the president | chief of staff |
| law passed in the 1970s was designed to ensure congressional involvement in sending troops into military action | war powers act |
| according to the war powers resolution, how long can a president deploy troops in a combat situation without the consent of Cong. | 60 days |
| Originally coined by Teddy Roosevelt, it refers to when presidents use radio, TV and the internet to mobilize public support for their programs | bully pulpit |
| two formal powers of the president to conduct war and make peace | commander in chief and negotiate treaties |
| two powers held only by the house | declare war, power of purse, impeachment |
| two powers held by the senate | trial, confirm appointments/treaties |
| process every ten years of reassigning of number of house seats for each state | reapportionment |
| drawing congressional district lines by the majority party to enhance its own political fortunes, or disadvantage certain voter demographic groups | gerrymandering |
| established "one man, one vote" ordered house districts to be as near equal in population as possible during reapportionment process | baker v. Carr |
| duty to represent "the folks back home" vote the way your constituents want instead of voting need on ones's beliefs and values | delegates |
| member of congress vote according to their own view of what is best for the district, state, or nation | trustee |
| mutual aid between member of congress "I'll support your bill or program if you vote for mine" | log rolling |
| spending for programs /projects paid for by tax payers that is intended to benefit constituents of a politician in return for their political support | pork barrel spending |
| permanent committees of congress | standing committees |
| a prolonged speech until a majority of the senate either abandons the bill or agrees to modify its most controversial provisions | filibuster |
| senate rule that provides for the end of debate or filibuster on a bill of 3/5 of members agree | cloture |
| procedure for removing legislation from the control of a committee and bringing it to the floor for immediate consideration | discharge petition |
| the ability of member of congress to mail letters to their constituents free of charge | franking privlage |
| constitutionally mandated presiding office of there HR who is chosen in the caucus of the majority party | speaker |
| special type of joint committee appointed to resolve differences in HR and S version of a bill | conference committee |
Created by:
21emily.hardwar