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Ch.6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle cells | Muscle fibers |
| Buttocks | Gluteus Maximus |
| Chest Muscle | Pectoral Muscle |
| Anterior thigh muscle | Quadriceps Femoris |
| Posterior thigh muscle | Hamstrings |
| Back muscle | Latissimus Dorsi |
| Muscle Responsible for Smiling | Zygomaticus |
| Muscle Responsible for Sneering | Levator Labii superioris |
| Muscle Responsible for Frowning | Depressor Anguli Oris |
| Closes the Eyelid | Orbicularis Oculi |
| Puckers the mouth | Orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| changes the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| moves the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| adenosine triphosphate | atp |
| the ability for the muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| the ability for the muscle to contract | contracility |
| the ability for the muscle to extend | extensibility |
| the connective tissue sheath that is directly upon the whole muscle | epimysium |
| mastication | chewing |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| sternocleidomastoid | later neck muscle and prime mover. rotates and abducts head |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | elasticity |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| contract slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
| muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. keeps head up and back straight. | muscle tone |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygeen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells |
| orgin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| where is ATP produced | mitochondria |
| muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level |
| point that the muscle fiber will contract maximally | all-or-none response |
| recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| how are muscles described | some are named according to their location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and their function, etc. |
| Fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium. surrounds and separates muscles |
| a muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called | muscle fasciculi |
| fasciculi is surrounded by loose connective tissue | perimysium |
| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side f the back |
| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| on each side of the linea alba | rectus abdomunis |
| tendinous inscriptions | crosses the rectus abdominis at three or more location |
| nuclei | muscle fiber that is a single cell containing several nuclei |
| endomysium | each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath |
| myofibirils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin & myosin |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments. they resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments. they resemble bundles of minute golf clubs |
| actin and myosin myofilaments form highly order units | sacromeres |
| sacromeres | joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fiber it innervates |
| axons enter the muscles and branch. each branch that connects to the muscle | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| when a muscle cell is stimulates the membrane characteristics change briefly, the brief reversal back of the change is? | action potential |
| the charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| the enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic termial and the muscle cell | synpatic cleft |
| each presynpatic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| synaptic vesicles secretes | a neurotransmitter acetylcholine |
| acetylcholine | diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell |
| the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cells is rapidly broken down by an enzyme | acetylcholinesterase |
Created by:
elizabowen
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