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Chemistry part 2
bonding, types of reactions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ion | an atom that has lost or gained electrons and has a positive or negative charge |
| positive ion | what metal atoms become since they tend to lose electrons |
| negative ion | what nonmetal atoms become since they tend to gain electrons |
| ionic bond | forms when two oppositely charged ions attract to form a compound |
| covalent bond | forms when nonmetals share pairs of electrons in overlapping electron clouds |
| metallic bond | forms when electron clouds of metal atoms overlap and valence electrons "swim" among the clouds |
| properties of ionic compounds | crystal structures, high melting point, good conductors in water |
| properties of covalent compounds | low melting point, poor electrical conductors |
| properties of metallic bonds | malleability, ductility, good electrical conductors, high melting point |
| synthesis | chemical reaction that forms more complex substances from simpler ones |
| decomposition | chemical reaction that breaks down a larger substance into simpler parts |
| replacement | chemical reaction that involves "trading" of atoms between compounds |
| neutralization | chemical reaction involving an acid and a base that produces neutral products (water and salt) |
| exothermic | chemical reaction that releases thermal energy |
| endothermic | chemical reaction that requires (takes in) thermal energy |
| combustion | chemical reaction involving a hydrogen-carbon compound (hydrocarbon) burning with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water |