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POLS Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the defining effects of negative political ads? | Claims against other candidate, ex Daisy spot Lyndon Johnson campaign that goldwater elect nuclear war, more - except trump +, - weaken result, purpose:criticize other side (info about candidate votes need to know) |
| What is the most important factor that chapels the campaign message of those running for US House of Reps? | Issues - position issue or wedge issues(controversial policies) (pres?), campaign never stops-permanent campaign esp for party primaries-please core party members |
| What is a party platform? | Document that layers out a partys core beliefs and policy proposals for each pres election, formal issue positions of a political party specific elements are often referred to as planks |
| In a primary election, what are delegates and what is their role in selecting the presidential nominee? | |
| What arguments are put forward by those opposed to the Texas voter ID law? | Not a lot of cases of voter impersibatuon - political move to suppress minority voting (enthic and student) - racially discriminatory intent |
| In what is first presidential caucus held? In what state is the first presidential primary held? | Iowa caucus (late January early february if pres election year. New Hampshire primary 1920. Then Nevada then S Carolina (2020 6 caucus) |
| What is the maximum amount of money an individual can contribute to a candidate for president if the US? | $2,800 in primary(/election), PACs limit is $5,000 in primary and another $5,000 in general (5.6k total) |
| In TX political there has been a strong "Tea Party" influence. What is the Tea Party? | Faction Iran group very conservative lean Republican generally resistant to compromise of principles |
| The Texas Republican Party as a number of planks in its party platform. I am going to list 4 possibilities. Identify the 1 plank if the 4 that is not part of Republican party platform in TX | free-enterprise/self accountability/tradition marriage,englishonlylanguage,nationl sales tax&IRS stop,oppose abortion,capital punishmentok,decrease taxpayer edu funding/dont challenge student belief/no critical think,limit citizen by birth,min wage repeal |
| In Texas primary elections, what is the rule use to determine winner? | Direct primary has party members participate directly&select candidate,only meaningful choice-open to registered voters who vote in party primary candidate-win a majority to be nominated or face runoff(2nd primary pit 2 top votegetters against-majoritywin |
| In Texas, what campaign donor (special interest) gives the most money to political campaigns? | Tim&Terru Dunn (energy), Farris &JoAnn Wilks (oil), George Soros, OR Unjcersity if TX, Senate Conservatuves Fund, Club for Growth, Alphebet inc |
| Among the announced candidates for the democratic nomination for president, which four have raised the most money from individual campaign contributions? | Bernie Sanders, Kamala harris, Beto O'Rourke, Pete Buttigieg |
| What is a 'wave ' elections? | Political party makes great gains, high or low pres approval ratings - overarching nationwide dynamic. 1 party over another |
| What 2 parties (they are not the same; depend on era) dominated Amerixan politics between 1787 and 1860? | Federalism and democratic-republican until 1824 4 candidates democrat-republican - no majority election to house, modern democrats and whigs (gets divided by slavery) then Republican party created along with democrats |
| States differ in 2 ways on the method they award electoral votes what are these 2 ways? | |
| What election was not decided by the Electoral College, but decided by the US House of Representatives? | 1824 John Quincy Adam's- used 12th amendment when 4 candidates of democratic-republicans -- house would have Clay was Speaker but not top3 |
| What is meant by the term "reapportionment"? What is meant by the term "redistricting"? | Redistribution of seats in the US house of reps based on changes in pop changes record by US Census conducted every 10 yrs. Redistricting after reapportionment each district has roughly same # pop statelegislature (gerrymandering split strength |
| What are the rules for selecting the Pres if the choice is made by the House of Reps? | Top 3 voters (50%+1), each state 1 vote, no maj 2 top vote getters Senate 1 vote each - maj. Tie -constitutional crisis. Senate choose vp |
| What is the ideological difference between people of vote in primary elections and all other eligible voters? | Political party?, civic duty?, most liberal and moderate over Democrat, conservative is republican |
| What does the constitution say about "political parties"? What does it say about "factions"? | Political parties not mentioned- state level private organization regulate by state law, danger in factions(Hamilton&Jefferson-create factions(political parties) |
| What states were "battleground" states in the 2016 presidential election? | Pennsylvania, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Michigan, Nevada, new Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, Wisconsin (northeast) |
| What does "congress: nationalized, polarized and Partisan" say about campaign finance? | |
| How did Republicans, democrats and independents vote for president (by %) in the 2016 presidential election? | Democrat: 89% Hillary, 11% trump Republic: 90% trump, 10% Hillary Independent: 42% Hillary, 48% trump |
| During what eras (by yr) did the US have 1 party, 2 party and 3 party political system? | |
| 1777-1808: federalist and non federalist 1808-1824: democrat-republjcan (1 party) 1828: modern democratic party Andrew jackson 1832: democrat-republican replaced by whigs 1854: modern Republican with lincoln | |
| What trend has the most likely effect of turning TX "blue" (Democrat)? | Growing latino pop bigger than whites but low voter turnout. |
| What is the relationship between income and the vote for president in 2016? (How did higher income people vote; how did lower income people vote? | |
| There will be 2 questions over the supreme court case of citizens United v. Federal election commission 2010 as the decision relates to elections | Increased campaign funding (Super PACs) no legal limit no coordinate candidate, no public disclosure. Corporations/unions =same 1stamendment rights as citizens, ind of candidate campaign, say anything they want |
| What is the effect of congressional scandals on perceptions of a member of Congress's character? | Sex&finance. Sex:resign orexpell, not always end career. Finance:(corruption) expulsion, retire, 200 representative and 38 senators, 17 scandals/election house of reps, 3 scandals/election Senate. Disapproval ratings by 6%, usually $ |
| What percentage of eligible electorate are political independents? | |
| What type of primary election for president does TX have? | Direct primary? Party members participate directly in selection of candidate to represent them in general election. Open primary (any registered voter can vote in any parties primary |
| What is Gerrymandering | Redistricting that blatantly benefits one political party over the other or concentrates (or dilutes) the voting impact of racial and ethnic groups |
| What is the historical pattern of presidential voting among white women? | |
| How does the "responsible parties model" advise voters on how to cast their votes? | Parties that take responsibility for offering the electorate a distinct range of policies and programs, thus providing a clear choice |
| What 4 third party candidates received the most voters for president in 1900? | |
| What Obama states did Trump flip to side with him in the 2016 election? | |
| What is the proportional representation election method? | Parties narrowly represent interests, promote multi-parties, electoral systems divisions in electorate reflect proportionately in elected body (n% support a party then n% seats won by party)all voters contribute, multimember voting district(super district |
| What did the supreme court decide in the case of McCutcheon v. Federal elections commission 2014? | Contribute $5.6k as many candidates as like, 1st amendment right of free speech, money is speech |
| In "Congress: nationalized, polarized and partisan" what does one the figures show about the change in correlation over time between the presidential vote and the congressional vote? | |
| What is the primary reason the probably over time shift of TX from Republican to Demoxeat is the same shift that moved CA from Republican to Democrat in 1990s? | Republicans had no significant primary race(crossover votes- conservative, state-national support republic), civil war, reconstruction (corruption) |
| Supplement article by Marc herrington in the 2016 presidential election, the effect of James Comey reopening the Hillary Clinton alleged email wrong doing is an example of what kind of effect on public opinion? | Priming - voters eval candidates by competence experience debate trust - reminded of untrust big weakness |
| What are the major points hethington makes about the electoral college in his article? | |
| How does Hetherington explain "partisan motivated reasoning?" | |
| What does political polarization mean? What does the term sorting mean in describing political polarization? | Issue polarization: liberals/conservatives more extreme Sorting:liberal=democrat, conservative=repub -hold those offices Affect polarization:personal dislike other party Low turnout in primary=more extremes |
| Why is important for elections about the supreme court decision if Buckley v Valero 1974? | PAC grow after decision- upheld limit on donations to congressional campaigns- increase influence on official- active engagement in electoral arena, coordinate campaign contribution from ind citizens, as much own $ on campaign no limit |
| When it comes which party controls the Senate and the house, how did this control change between 2016 election and the 2018 election? | |
| What is the best explanation (among4) for the dominance of the 2 party system in US? | Simply inertia:started that way Dualism in preferences: this or that Social census:no body argue community agree Institutional arrangements: amendments make difficult changes |
| Why do most European countries have a multiparty sys? | Multi member voting district (superdistrict) proportionality w large number of seats Duvergers law: single member district=2party, proportional representation promote multiparty |
| What kind of congressional scandals are most frequent? | Finance then sex |
| Caucus(meeting candidate supporters choose delegates2a state or national convention)primaries(preliminary election narrows # of candidates by determining(thru delegates)who will be the nominees in the general election.'20 1st round voting no Maj freevote | |
| Electoral college Cast 2 ballots- receive maj elect pres. Person recieved maj & 2nd most ballots elect (50%+1), winner takes all & congressional district method (distribute electoral vote- both candidate possible) | |
| Outside money rather than candidate campaign, now both sides have ample money resources | |
| What demographic groups gave the largest percentage of their vote to Donald trump? | Independents , whites (all males, noncollege female), more older and some to no college, northeast (new Hampshire, Pennsylvania, ohio, North Carolina, Florida, Wisconsin, michigan |
| What are the major functions of Republican and democratic party's state conventions? | Elect TX party officers,elect 62 members2 TX exec commite(2/senatordistrict),party platform,2secretary ofstate candidates nominated by party. W pres:select party nominees2serve national party exec commite, select pres electors, select delegates4convention |
| In TX, what groups form the base of supporters for the democratic party and for the Republican party? | Immigrants, committees, patronage sys(jobs w party), tea party and evangelical or fundamentalist Christian's (republican), ethnic groups (democrat) |
| What is party identification? | Psychological attachment to a political party; partisanship |
| What is a caucus | Meeting of party members in town halls, schools and private homes to select a presidential nominee (party caucus- group party members in a legislature) |
| In what year did women get the right to vote? | 1920 19th amendment granted women the right to vote - after a while increase turnout then stable |
| What is "the median voter theorem"? | Theory that in a 2 party race if voters select candidates on the basis of ideology and everyone participates equally the party closer to the middle will win |
| In TX what racial or ethnic group was most likely to lack a legal pic ID to present at polls when going to vote? | Latino |
| In part politics what is meant by the "patronage system "? | Political system in which gov programs and benefits are awarded based on political loyalty to a party or politician |
| When it comes to elections, what are the "single-member plurality system"? | Electoral sys that assigns 1 seat in a legislative body to represent citizens who live in a defined area (a disrict) based on which candidate wins the most votes (Louisiana and Georgia exception- 50% +1) promote 2 party, downside anot fair representation |
| When it comes to elections, what are the "winner take all system"? | Used to be (win by min % gets all delegates) now by state. Republican early primary are proportional representation- vote candidate on 1st round of voting at national convention, candidate win state all electoral vote, |
| When it comes to elections, what are "the voter list" system? | Register by political party or group of independent candidates- open electors have some influence over the ranking of the winning candidates. Closed order of candidates fixed at registration of list |
| What does the libertarian party stand for? | Formed in 1971. Its political philosophy is as minimal a government as possible. Closer to Republicans than Democrats (trump ) |
| Lyndon Johnson establishing the democratic party as the champion of what political issue? | |
| Reviewed the historical trend for off year (no pres election) voting (2018). What is the trend? | Less turnout? |
| What is the "Australian ballot system"? | Voting sys which state Gov run elections and provide voters option of choosing candidates from multi parties(secret ballot). No intimidation and anonymous |
| Why does the US have a 2party sys when most other western democracies have a multi party sys? | Simply inertia - started that way Dualism in preferences - this or that Social census- agree w all Institutional arrangement- in amendments diff to change |
| How did the 2 major parties restrict 3rd party access to the ballot in presidential elections? What are those methods? | Diff collect campaign $, 2 parties dont want 3rd party- prevent, min media, support 1 of parties to sit in committees(perform legislator responsiblilities), |
| What are the ways in TX that people can register to vote? | Open primaries (any registered voter vote in any parties primary), in person, mail up to 30 days before election, motor voter (register while renew license), spouse, parent and offspring can register |
| What is voting a "straight party ticket"? What change is coming in 2020 for voting a straight party ticket? | Def:selecting all candidates of 1 particular party Trend: TX no longer have straight ticket voting- maj or states not allow it- less of it? |
| Under what circumstances does Texas require that ballots be printed in a language other than english? | A political subdivision (county) provide language assistance to voters if sig $ of voting age citizens are members of a single language minority group & do not speak English(well enough to psrticjlate) >5% |
| What does it mean when it is said that a presidential candidate "has coattails"? | Effect of popular pres or pres candidate on congressional elections, boosting votes for members of his party |
| What is the "invisible primary"? | Period just before the primaries begin during which candidates attempt to capture party support & media coverage |
| What are battleground states? | New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, ohio, N Carolina, florida, Wisconsin, Michigan, Arizona, Minnesota.State in which the outcome of pres election=uncertain&in which both candidates invest much time & $ esp if its votes are vital4 a victory in electoral college |
| What were the first 2 political parties in the US? | Federalist and antifederalists then democrat-republicans |
| Under $49k demo, $50-99k republic, over $100k Republican greater but not over 50% | |
| 29% or less than 50% | |
| Females overall more democratic, white women more Republican, noncollege women Republican, college women Democrat | |
| T. Roosevelt, r. Perot, r. LaFollette, G. Wallace | |
| New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, Florida, Wisconsin, Michigan | |
| ~100% now that whoever wins party for president wins party for congress... meaning if vote demo for pres its demo for Congress | |
| Economy directly tied with electoral college (which party in power determines how Ind favor econ), all about media coverage and how well known? | |
| Econ as being hoe they want it to be rather than how it actually is b/c of this psych process, see their side as right | |
| Republican in 2016. House demo 2018 Senate Republican | |
| New departure - downplay war and stressed corruption and white supremacy (full support) |
Created by:
mkwt1000