click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Acids and Bases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | pH 0-6 |
| Base | pH 8-14 |
| pH scale | sale from 0-14 to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of a substance |
| H3O+ | The chemical formula for a hydronium ion; produced by acids in water |
| Neutralization Reaction | the reaction of an acid and base to form a neutral solution of water and salt |
| Strong Acids | HCl, HClO, HI, HNO3, HBr, H2SO |
| acid properties | sour taste, burns skin |
| base properties | slippery on skin, bitter taste |
| Strong Bases | Soluble compounds containing the hydroxide ion |
| Neutral | same amount of H+ and OH- ions; 7 on pH scale |
| Buffer | solutions in which the pH remains relatively constant, even when small amounts of acid or base are added |
| Neutral Salt | salt formed from reaction of a strong acid and strong base |
| Acidic Salt | a salt formed from a reaction of a strong acid with a weak base |
| Basic Salt | a salt formed from a reaction of a weak acid with a strong base. |
| Lewis Acid | electron pair acceptor |
| Lewis Base | electron pair donor |
| Arrhenius Acid | H+ producer |
| Arrhenius Base | OH- producer |
| Bronsted-Lowry Acid | Proton (H+) donor |
| Bronsted-Lowry Base | H+ acceptor |
| amphoteric | Compound that can act as a proton donor or acceptor |
| conjugate base | original acid after it donates its hydrogen ion |
| conjugate acid | original base after it gains a hydrogen ion |
| equivalence point | in a titration, where equal amounts of H+ and OH- have reacted |
| titration formula | M1V1=M2V2 |
| Indicators | weak acids or bases that have a different color from their original acid and base |
| Naming rules for Binary Acids | Hydro_____ic Acid |
| Naming rules for oxyacids that contain -ate ions | _____ic Acid |
| Naming rules for oxyacids that contain -ite ions | ____ous Acid |
| Naming rules for oxyacids that contain one less oxygen than the compounds –ite ion | Hypo_______ous Acid |
| Naming rules for oxyacids that contain more oxygen than the compounds –ate ion | Per_______ic acid |