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Chemistry
Chemistry:Chapters 1-9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are atoms that have the dame number of protons but different numbers of neutrons? | isotopes |
| The number of which type of particle identifies an atom as a given element? | proton |
| Which subatomic particles is not found in the nucleus of an atom? | electron |
| What type of chemist would most likely study alcohols, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen? | organic chemist |
| What is not an evidence that a chemical change has occurred? | freezing of a liquid |
| What is a group of two or more atoms linked together by chemical bonds? | molecule |
| What is the relative charge of an electron? | -1 |
| Who developed the atomic theory of matter? | John Dalton |
| What is a homogeneous part of a system that is in contact with but physically distinct from other parts of the system? | phase |
| What term refers to the ratio of an object's mass to its volume? | density |
| What are the smallest particles into which an element may be broken down without changing the identity of the element? | atoms |
| Which of the following does 1 millimeter of mercury (1 mmHg) equal? | 1 torr |
| What is the number of protons in an atom? | atomic number |
| Which of the following does the standard atmosphere ( atm ) equal? | 760 torr |
| What isotope is the atomic mass unit defined relative to? | carbon-12 |
| Which step in the scientific method involves thinking about nature to develop an idea about how something works? | hypothesizing |
| What is a microsecond? | 10-6 s |
| What is standard temperature and pressure (STP) ? | 273.15 K and 760 torr |
| How many atoms are in exactly one mole of atoms? | 6.022 x 10-23 |
| Which of the following temperatures equals 0 K? | -273.15 C |
| how closely a measured value matches the actual value? | accuracy |
| What term refers to the randomness of a substance or system? | entropy |
| What is the internal energy of a system plus the product of its pressure and volume? | enthalpy |
| How is the term energy commonly defined? | the ability to do work |
| What device is used to measure heat flow during physical processes or chemical reactions? | calorimeter |
| What individual "packets" or quanta of light energy called? | photons |
| What can the amplitude of a wave be considered a measure of ? | strength |
| If the wavelength of a light wave decreases, how must its frequency change? | remain the same |
| What does light consist of? | electromagnetic waves and photons |
| Who developed the periodic table of the elements? | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| What is the maximum number of valence electrons an atom may have? | 8 |
| What unit is wave frequency usually measured in? | hertz |
| Which categories consists of elements that usually exist as 2+ ions? | alkaline earth metals |
| What does the magnetic quantum number describe? | orbital orientation |
| What does the principal quantum number describe? | electron shell |
| What is the lowest energy state of an atom called? | ground state |
| Attractive force between atoms that is strong enough to enable the group to act as a unit. | chemical bond |
| Chemical bond in which positively charged ions are electrically attracted to negatively charged ions? | ionic bond |
| Chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons between atoms? | covalent bond |
| When two atoms share a single pair of electrons? | single covalent bond |
| Sharing two pairs of electrons forms? | double bond |
| Sharing three pairs of electrons forms? | triple bond |
| Chemical bonds that bind atoms together in a metal? | metallic bonds |
| Covalent bond in which both atoms share electrons equally? | nonpolar bond |
| Covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms? | polar bond |
| A bond or molecule that has a negative end and positive end forms? | dipole |
| Electrons that circulate freely through the molecule instead of being bound to a single atom or pair of atoms? | delocalized electrons |
| Four bonding pairs around the carbon atom? | tetrahedral |
| Properties of a substance results from forces between molecules? | intermolecular forces |
| A few solids have no ordered arrangement or pattern for the particles that compose them? | amorphous solids |
| Characterized by particles arranged in a regular and repeated three dimensional pattern. | crystalline solid |
| The simplest repeating unit in a crystal? | unit cell |
| One of the most efficient crystal structures? | hexagonal close packing |
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