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Weather
8.10A 8.10B 8.10C
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| air mass | large body of air that has similar temperature, moisture (humidity), and air pressure throughout |
| air pressure | the pressure of the atmosphere and the measure of force with which air molecules push on a surface |
| barometer | an instrument used to measure air pressure |
| cold front | a region where a cold air mass is replacing a warmer air mass |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy by movement of a liquid or gas |
| convection cells | the circular patterns of wind caused by the rising and sinking of air |
| convection currents | currents created when warmer gas or liquid particles rise and cooler gas or liquid particles sink |
| deep currents | stream-like movements of ocean water far below the ocean surface |
| dew point | the temperature to which the air has cooled so that it can no longer hold all the moisture in it and dew forms |
| eye | the center of a hurricane; a core of warm, calm air with low pressure and light winds |
| eye wall | a group of cumulonimbus clouds that produce heavy rains and forceful winds that surrounds the eye of a hurricane. The eye wall is the strongest part of a hurricane. |
| Front | an area where the air masses meet |
| global ocean conveyor | the flow of ocean water caused by changes in temperature and salinity (saltiness) The global ocean conveyor is also called the thermohaline circulation. |
| global winds | winds that appear all over the world and are caused by uneven heating of the Earth's surface, pressure differences, and the Coriolis effect |
| high pressure system | (high) an area where the atmospheric pressure is greater than that of the surrounding area |
| humidity | the amount of water vapor or moisture in the air |
| jet stream | a fast flowing river of air found in the atmosphere at around 12 km above the surface of the Earth |
| land breeze | a breeze blowing from the land toward the sea |
| local winds | winds that are caused by uneven heating and the geography of an area |
| low pressure system | (low) an area where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of the area surrounding it |
| meteorologists | scientists who study the causes of weather and try to predict it |
| mountain breeze | a breeze that blows down valleys or mountain slopes |
| occluded front | a region where two cold air masses trap a warm air mass and force it upward |
| rain bands | the outer part of a hurricane. Rain bands produce heavy rains and high winds. |
| sea breeze | a cool breeze blowing from the sea toward the land |
| stationary front | a region where a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet but neither has enough force to move the other |
| surface currents | stream-like movements of water that occur at or near the surface of the ocean |
| temperature | the measure of the average amount of energy of motion in the molecules of a substance |
| trade winds | winds that blow from 30° latitude to the equator |
| tropical cyclone or hurricane- a severe tropical cyclone having winds greater than 74 miles per hour | |
| tropical depression | a tropical cyclone having sustained surface winds less than 39 miles per hour |
| tropical disturbance | an organized mass of tropical thunderstorms, with a slight cyclonic circulation, and winds less than 25 miles per hour |
| tropical storm | a cyclonic storm originating in the tropics and having winds ranging from 39 to 73 miles per hour |
| valley breeze | a breeze that blows up valleys or mountain slopes |
| warm front | a region where a warm air mass is replacing a cold air mass |
| weather | the current conditions of the atmosphere |
| westerlies | wind belts that can be found in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres between 30° and 60° latitude Westerlies flow toward the poles. |
| Wind | moving air |
| Wind chill factor | the felt temperature on exposed skin |
| wind shear | the amount of change in the wind's direction or speed with increasing altitude |
| Air mass | a body of air that has about the same temperature and humidity throughout |
| Air pressure | a measure of the weight of the atmosphere on a given area of the surface of the Earth; barometric pressure |
| Anemometer | an instrument used to measure wind speed |
| Atmosphere | an envelope of mixed gases held to the Earth by gravity; the most dense gases are near the surface of the Earth |
| Convection current | when temperature differences cause fluids to expand and move; the less dense areas continually rise, and the more dense areas continually sink creating a cyclical current |
| Coriolis effect | the effect of the Earth’s rotation on the path of air and water; causes the path to curve |
| Humidity | amount of water vapor present in the air; relative humidity |
| Jet stream | narrow band of high speed wind high in the atmosphere; moves west to east in the Northern Hemisphere |
| polar westerlies | wind belts that extend from the poles to 60° latitude in both hemispheres |
| Prevailing winds | global wind located at mid-latitude; mostly blows in one direction |
| Psychrometer | instrument used to measure humidity (moisture) in the air |
| Weather front | an area where two air masses with different temperatures and pressures meet |
| global ocean conveyor | the flow of ocean water caused by changes in temperature and salinity (saltiness); also called the thermohaline circulation. |
Created by:
YoungbloodScience