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EDSE 619
ABA Course 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ___________ is an interaction between a person and her or his environment. | Behavior |
| ________ refers to how a behavior looks or sounds. | Topography |
| ________ refers to how an aspect of the environment works with regard to behavior, or how a behavior works with regard to aspects of the environment. | Function |
| Behavior analysts seek to ________. | Predict and Control behavior. |
| The 7 dimensions of ABA identified by Baer, Wolf, and Risley(1968) include: | Applied, Behavioral, Analytic, Effective, Conceptually Systematic, Technological, Generality |
| To a behavior analyst, the external environment is: | ? |
| Saying excuse me, gently tapping someone on the shoulder, and expectantly clearing one's throat may all be a part of the same _________. | Functional response class |
| Using a finger to push down on a computer mouse and using a finger to push down on a telephone are a part of the same ________. | Topographical response class. |
| ___________ means "before something else." | Antecedent |
| ___________ means "observable only to the person doing the behavior." | Covert |
| A schedule of reinforcement is a rule that _________. | establishes the probability that a specific occurrence of a behavior will produce reinforcement. |
| With continuous reinforcement (CRF) an individual is reinforced _________ a particular behavior occurs. | Every time |
| Motivating operations (MOs) and SDs are both __________. | Antecedent variables that alter the current frequency of some behavior. |
| This type of motivating operation alters a relation to itself by acquiring MO effectiveness by preceding a worsening or improvement. | Reflexive CMO |
| This type of motivating operation makes something else effective as a reinforcer because of its relation or association with an unconditioned reinforcer. | Transitive CMO |
| This type of motivating operation has particular implications for the training of language in individuals with little or no speech. | Transitive CMO |
| lthough operant responses are increased through reinforcement the stimuli that precede the target behavior also ________________________. | acquire what is known as “evocative” effects on the behavior |
| A stimulus acquires discriminative control when ______________. | a target behavior has been reinforced only in its presence (and the target behavior’s occurrence is not reinforced in the presence of other stimuli) |
| Sometimes, other stimuli that share similar physical properties with the discriminative stimulus will also acquire stimulus control over the behavior. This is known as _________. | Stimulus generalization. |
| The stimuli that evoke the same response are known as a _________. | Stimulus class. |
| Generally speaking, during acquisition phases, a/an ______________schedule of reinforcement would be most effective. | FR1 |
| In preparation for maintenance and generalization, a/an ______________ schedule would likely be more appropriate. | intermittent |
| In ______________, reinforcement is delivered only after responding exceeds a predetermined criterion. | DRH |
| Surrogate MO's becomes MO's because they ___________, | accompany other MO's |
| reflexive MO's____________________ | evoke behavior that turns the MO off |
| transitive MO's________________. | make something that was not reinforcer a reinforcer. |
| As response effort increases, probability of responding _______________, and so ____________ magnitude of reinforcement is needed to achieve a reinforcement effect | increase;lesser |
| Which are true regarding extinction? | When extinction is done properly, what the person (whose behavior is placed on extinction) experiences is no change in the world from before the behavior to after the behavior, |
| Extinction has occurred when a behavior | returns to its pre-consequence condition frequency |
| A treatment plan consisting of extinction only would be contra-indicated for which of the following behaviors? | Self-injury |
| Which is the proper procedural description of operant extinction for a behavior maintained through positive reinforcement? | Allow the behavior to occur, prevent the addition of the reinforcing stimulus, reinforce an alterative behavior while continuing to ensure that the to be extinguished behavior is not followed by reinforcement. |
| Select the technologically correct and most parsimonious definition of positive reinforcement from the choices below: | A behavior occurs, a stimilus is added to the environment that was not present prior to the occurence of the behavior. The behavior then increases in some dimension. |
| What is the difference between extinction and punishment? | With punishment, the behavior changes in the environment in some way; with extinction, the environment remains the same |
| Why is Non Contingent Reinforcement (NCR) effective in reducing behavior? | the identified reinforcer is delivered at rates higher than baseline, regardless of an occurrence of behavior; thereby disrupting the reinforcement contingency and reducing the behavior of interest. |
| he most effective empirical method to identify stimuli to function as reinforcers is ___________. | Reinforcer assessment |
| If, due to time or other contstraints, you are unable to do this, a _____________________ would be your next choice. | preference assessment |
| If this too is not an option, you would next try ____________________, followed by _________________; the least empirical but least time consuming method. | choice; checklists and questionnaires |
| Positive reinforcement is best defined as: | presentation of a stimulus after a response occurs (that wasn't) present before the response occurred), which is followed by increased frequency (or some other dimension of that response class) in the future. |
| In negative reinforcement | a response occurs; a stimulus is removed from the environment that was present before the response occurred; and that response class is more likely to occur under similar circumstance in the future. |
| A positive punishment | a behavior occurs; something is immediately added to the environment that wasn't present before the behavior occurred; and the behavior occurs less frequently under similar circumstances in the future. |
| As response effort increases, probablity of responding_______________, and so ______________ magnitude of reinforcement is needed to achieve a reinforcement effect | increases; leesser |
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