Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Electrolytes10/09
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Subject to circadian rhythms | Phosphate |
| No tourniquet or hand exercise used | Lactate |
| Put specimen on ice | Lactate |
| Indicator of severe O2 deprivation | Lactate |
| Two Types of this: Hypoxic conditions,(shock, MI, pulmonary edema) and Metabolic origins (Diabetes mellitus, infection, leukemia, liver or renal disease) | Lactic Acidosis |
| DNA and RNA makeup | Phosphate |
| Is a component of most enzymes | Phosphate |
| Comes from diet, released from cells into blood, and lost from bone | Phosphate |
| Is regulated through renal excretion and reabsorption | Phosphate |
| Affected by PTH, Vitamin D, and Growth Hormone | Phosphate |
| Colorometric Analysis using Ammonium Phosphomolybdate Complex or Molybdenum Blue | Phosphate |
| Major intracellular anion in hydroxyapatite crystals | Phosphate |
| Major extracellular cation that determines the solubility of plasma | Sodium |
| Uses the ATPase pump | Sodium and Potassium |
| Concentration is regulated by water intake, excretion, and blood volume | Sodium |
| Hyponatremia is defined as | less than 135 mmol/L |
| Hyponatremia is caused by | Sodium loss, Decreased aldosterone, Decreased Potassium, inc water retention, water imbalance |
| Hypernatremia is caused by | Water loss, diabetes insipidus, ADH secretion impaired, too much aldosterone,renal tubular disorder |
| ISE is most used, but there is buildup of protein on electrode membranes | Sodium |
| Major component of buffering system in the blood | bicarbonate |
| Chloride Shift exchanges: | Bicarbonate with Chloride |
| How much bicarbonate is reabsorbed kidneys? | 85% |
| By what form is Bicarbonate absorbed in tubules and into extracellular fluid? | CO2 |
| Response to alkadosis | Kidneys excrete bicarbonate in urine and retain Na+ |
| Response to acidosis | Kidneys excrete H+ in the urine and totally reabsorb HCO3 |
| Response to metabolic acidosis | Hyperventilation |
| Response to metabolic alkalosis | Hypoventilation |
| PCO2 electrode measures | Total CO2 |
| Enzymatic reaction for HCO3 | Phosphenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Malate Dehydrogenase, measure NADH |
| Sample MUST STAY CAPPED until analysis | Bicarbonate |
| Major extracellular Anion | Chloride |
| Functions are: Maintains osmotic pressure, proper body hydration, ionic neutrality, and blood volume | Chloride |
| Regulated by Diet and Absorption in GI tract, Passive absorption in proximal tubules, Electrical Neutrality | Chloride |
| State of excessive loss of bicarbonate ions, and is accompanied by hypernatremnia: | Hyperchloremia |
| Sweat determines presence of Cystic Fibrosis | Chloride |
| Amperometric-Coulometric titration | Ag+ binds to Cl- for qunatification |
| Colormetric anaylsis for Chloride | displacement of thiocyanate from mercuric thiocyanate, and reaction with ferric ion to form color |
| ISE is most used | Chloride |
| Major intracellular cation | Potassium |
| Concentration within cell is 20X concentration outside of cell | Potassium |
| Functions are neromuscular excitability, contractions of the heart, intracellular fluid volume, and hydrogen ion concentration | Potassium |
| Aldosterone regulates the secretion of this in exchange for Na+ into the urine in distal tubule and collecting duct | Potassium |
| Distal nephron is the principle determinant of urinary excretion | Potassium |
| Concentration is regulated by ATPase pump | Potassium and Sodium |
| Catecholamines and insulin does what to ATPase pump? | Increases activity to promote cellular entry of K+ |
| Propanol (beta blocker) does what to ATPase pump? | Impairs cellular entry of K+ |
| Causes release of H+ and intake of Na+ and K+ | Alkalemia |
| Hypoxia, overdose of digoxin, or hypomagnesemia does what to ATPase pump? | Inhibition of pump |
| Hypokalemia is defined as: | less than 3mmol/L |
| ISE uses valinomycin membrane | Potassium |
| Hemolysis should most definitely be avoided! | Potassium!, as well as Magnesium |
| Decreased renal excretion, Cellular Shifts, acidosis, leukemia, exercise causes too much of what? | Potassium |
| This is Essential for life functions | Magnesium |
| Essential cofactor for more than 300 enzymes | Magnesium |
| Involved in DNA transcription, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Transmembrane transport | Magnesium |
| 55-60% in free form, 25-30% bound to albumin, and 15% complexed to anions | Magnesium |
| 50% found in bone, 35-45% intracellular, and 1-2% extracellular | Magnesium |
| Fourth most abundant Cation and Second most abundant Intracellular Ion | Magnesium |
| Renal Threshold for Magnesium is | 0.60-0.85 mmol/L |
| Regulation is controlled by Kidney and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | Magnesium |
| Increased antacids, acute or chronic renal failure, bone carcinoma or dehydration causes: | Hypermagnesemia |
| Colorometric methods include Calamagite, Formazen dye, Methythymol blue | Magnesium |
| Urine must be acidified first | magnesium |
| A divalent Cation; average human body contains 1 KG | Calcium |
| 40-45% bound to proteins, 10% complexed to anions; 45-50% free | Calcium |
| Calcium is controlled by these 3 hormones | PTH, Vitamin D, Calcitonin |
| In bone, causes activation of osteoclasts to break down; in kidneys, causes increased Calcium absorption in tubules, and causes renal stimulation of Vitamin D | PTH |
| Works with PTH to increase Calcium absorption in intestine, and stimulates bone reabsorption | Vitamin D |
| Secreted when there are high levels of Calcium to inhibit the action of both PTH and Vit.D | Calcitonin from the thyroid gland |
| This condition results from Primary hypoparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia, Acute Pancreatitis, Hypoalbuiminemia, and Vitamin D deficiencies | Hypocalcemia |
| This condition results from hyperparathyroidism, malignancies, endocrine disorder, prolonged immobilzation, Vit. D Toxicity | Hypercalcemia |
| Cannot use Lithium Heparin tube because it will bind to this | Calcium |
| Functions are neuromuscular transmission (CNS), cardiac function and cofactor in blood coagulation | Calcium |
| Analysis uses lactate oxidase and Hydrogen Peroxide | Lactate |
Created by:
rschneider
Popular Chemistry sets