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History Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What years did George Washington serve his term(s) as president? | 1789-1797 |
| What did George Washington do after the revolutionary war? | He resigned as general and retired to MT Vernon, to live out his days |
| What date was George Washington inaugurated? | April 30, 1789 |
| What state was Washington from? | Virginia |
| What state was John Adams from? | Massachusetts |
| What role did John Adams take place as when George Washington was president? | vice- president |
| What did Washington set multiple of? | precidents |
| What is a precedent? | an example that would become a standard practice |
| What was the Federal Judiciary Act do? | created an independent federal court system with the supreme court and lower court levels |
| How many associates was the supreme court to have (plus a chief Justice)? | 5 (plus chief Justice) |
| Who did Washington appoint as Chief Justice? | John Jay |
| What did the constitution allow that created departments to help the president called? | the cabinet |
| How many departments did the first president have? | 4 |
| What were the first 4 cabinet departments? | 1) Secretary of War 2) Secretary of State 3) Secretary of the Treasury 4) Attorney General |
| Who was the first Secretary of War? | Henry Know |
| What did the Secretary of War do? | over see the nations defense |
| Who was the first Secretary of State? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What did the Secretary of State do? | oversee the relations between the U. S. and other countries |
| Who was the first Secretary of Treasury? | Alexander Hamilton |
| What did the Secretary of Treasury do? | manage governments money |
| Who was the first Attorney General? | Edmond Randolph |
| What did the Attorney General do? | advise the government on legal matters |
| What did Alexander Hamilton believe about the government? | federal government should be stronger than the states government |
| What was the firsts orders to do during Hamilton's financial plan? | pay off war debt to develop the trust of other nations for trade |
| How did Hamilton plan to raise the federal governments revenues? | tariffs and taxes |
| What is a tariff | a tax on imported goods |
| Why was it important to Hamilton to create a national bank? | 1) safe place to keep governments money 2) can make loans and business 3) would issue paper currency 4) strengthen the federal governement |
| How many parts of Hamilton's Financial Plan passed? | 2 |
| What parts of Hamilton s Financial Plan passed? | 1) all debt is consolidated into the Federal Government 2) national bank is created with a term |
| What part of Hamilton's Financial Plan didn't pass? | tariffs |
| In agreement for votes of Hamilton's Financial Plan where was the capital moved down to? | Washington D. C. |
| What is the idea of a strict constitution? | only what the constitution clearly states |
| Who favored a strict constitution? | Jefferson and Madison |
| What was the idea of a loose constitution? | be flexible to meet the needs of the country (elastic clause) |
| Who favored a loose constitution? | Hamilton and Adams |
| What points did Hamilton and Jefferson argue during the creation of a national bank? | the idea of a loose constitution and a strict constitution |
| What events occurred during George Washington's presidency? | 1) Whiskey Rebellion 2)French revolution 3) Neutrality proclamation 4) pickney's treaty 5) Jay's Treaty |
| When did the Whiskey Rebellion happen? | 1794 |
| What was the Whiskey Rebellion? | PA farmers refused to pay the tax until the American army enforces it. |
| What did the Whiskey Rebellion do? | upheld the power of the new federal government |
| When did the French Revolution happen? | 1789-1793 |
| What was the French Revolution? | the french people over throw the French Monarchy by executing King Luis XVJ |
| What is the Neutrality Proclamation? | the U. S. would not side with any European country in war time (French Revolution) |
| When was Pickney's treaty created? | 1795 |
| What was Pickney's Treaty? | Spain gave the Americans the right to freely travel the Mississippi River and use the port of New Orleans |
| When was Jay's Treaty created? | 1794-1795 |
| What problems did Jay's Treaty deal with? | issues left over from the revolution between England and the U. S. such as impressment and the British troops still remaining in forts on American soil. |
| What is impressment? | seizing sailors and forcing them to join the British Navy |
| What were the emotions received from Jay's Treaty? | 1) got our forts and respect (sort of) 2) no mention of impressment 3) essentially nothing is solved with Treaty |
| When was the 22nd amendment ratified? | 1951 |
| What is the 22nd amendment? | presidents can only serve for 2 terms |
| What was the last precedent George Washington set as he retired? | two-term presidency |
| What year did Washington decide not to run for presidency? | 1796 |
| What did George Washington warn the Nation about in his farewell address? | 1) avoid political parties 2) avoid permanent alliances |
| What were George Washington's greatest accomplishments during presidency? | 1) created a functioning government 2)improved the economy 3) avoided war with England/France |
| What was the XYZ affair? | French, angry over Jay's Treaty with the British, stopped American ships and seized goods while in route to Britain |
| What did Federalists believe America should have done during the XYZ affair? | go to war against France |
| What did Adams do during the XYZ affair? | sent negotiators to France |
| When negotiators were sent to France during the XYZ affair what did France do? | ask for a bribe in order to talk to America |
| During the XYZ affair what increased between The United States and France | tension |
| What year did the Quasi War start? | 1798 |
| Was the Quasi War an official war? | no it was an undeclared war on sea |
| What was the Quasi War? | during the XYZ affair congress suspended trade with France and ordered the navy to capture French Ships |
| What was the Convection of 1800? | negotiators with France (during the Quasi War) led to an agreement |
| What was the agreement of the Convection of 1800? | U. S. gave up all claims against France for damages to American Shipping which led to the Quasi War ending |
| What were the Alien and Sedition Acts designed for? | destroy Jefferson s Democratic Republicans |
| What was the Alien Act (part of Alien and Sedition Act)? | immigrants could not become citizens for 14 years (rather than 5) thus weakening the republican |
| Why did the Alien Act weaken the Republican party | French and Irish immigrants tended to vote for republicans |
| What was the sedition Act (part of Alien and Sedition Act)? | made it unlawful to day or print anything false or scandalous against the government or its officers |
| What were the results of the Alien and Sedition Acts? | 1)virtually destroyed the first amendment rights 2)bolstered support of the republicans in the 1800 election |
| Who passed the Virginia/Kentucky resolution? | 1)James Madison 2) Thomas Jefferson |
| What was the Virginia/Kentucky resolution? | proposed a theory of nullification so if fed'l gov't passed an unconstitutional law, the states had the right to nullify the law or declare it invalid. |
| what was revealed with the election of 1800? | a flaw in the system for selecting a president |
| What was changed after the election of 1800? | each state chooses electors who cast 2 votes (1 for president and 1 for vice president) |
| Who continuously had the same number of electoral votes for president (election of 1800)? | Jefferson and Burr |
| What does the constitution state will happen if there is a tie for president? | the House of Representatives will vote |
| What were the results of the election of 1800? | federalists supported Burr which resulted in a tie more than 30 times |
| What did Hamilton do during the election of 1800? | urged federalists to vote for Jefferson...another tie resulted |
| How did Jefferson win the presidency? | promised not to dismantle Hamilton's financial plan |
| what was the result of the election of 1800? | proved the power in the U. S. could be peacefully transferred |
| How was Jefferson's style of presidency? | less formal |
| what didn't Jefferson do as president? | overturn all of the federalist policies |
| what did Jefferson try to do for the republican party? | integrate republican ideas into policies that the Federalist had already put in place |
| What type of policies did Jefferson try to integrate (republican ideas) into policies of the federalists? | 1) began paying off federal debt 2) cut government spending 3) did away with whiskey tax 4) planned to use local militia instead of standing army |
| What did Jefferson believe threatened the government? | a large federal goverment |
| what did Jefferson believe could better protect freedom? | state government |
| Jefferson wanted to reduce what in the government? | power and size |
| What were Jefferson's ideas similar to? | laissez-faire__let people do as they choose |
| How did Jefferson reduce national debt? | 1)scaled down military expenses 2) all federal internal taxes were repealed 3) also from scale of western lands |
| What did Jefferson do to the number of federal government workers? | limited the number of workers to a few 100 people |
| Before Jefferson took office what did Adams do? | appoint judges to various positions (including appointing John Marshall to cheif justice |
| who helped Adams appoint midnight judges around the clock | John Marshall |
| What happened to certain papers (appointing people) once Jefferson took office? | were not delivered |
| What did Jefferson tell his secretary of state(James Madison) to do when he found out that the midnight judges were not appointed due to paper not being delivered? | told him not to deliver them at all |
| Who sued Madison while Jefferson was president? | William Marbury |
| What court did Marbary take his case to | supreme court |
| What was the outcome of Marbury suing Madison | constitution did not give the court jurisdiction to decide Marbury's case |
| What three principles of judicial review were established during Marbury vs. Madison? | 1) the constitution is supreme law 2) the constitution must be followed when there is a conflict between it and any other law 3) the judicial branch must uphold the constitution and nullify unconstitutional laws |
| Who supported the idea of the U. S. expanding west? | Jefferson |
| Why did Jefferson support the idea of the U. S. expanding west? | believed that a republic could survive only if most people owned their own land |
| What did the French leader Napolean convince Spain to do in 1800? | to give up Louisiana and give it back to France |
| Why did the French want Louisiana? | rebuild France's empire in North America |
| What did America fear when the France took Louisiana? | 1) block U. S. western expansion 2) interfere with American Trade along the Mississippi River |
| What did JEFFERSON say for the U. S. ambassador to do (Louisiana Purchase)? | go to France to make an offer to buy New Orleans and West Florida from France |
| What did French officials offer (Louisiana Purchase)? | entire Louisiana for $15 million |
| Did U. S. ambassador follow through on Jefferson's plans (Louisiana Purchase)? | no, he bought the entire Louisiana |
| How come France offered the entire Louisiana to the United States? | 1) needed money to finance a war against Britain 2) U. S. control of Louisiana could challenge Britain's power in North America |
| How much did the Louisiana Purchase effect the size of America? | doubled the size |
| What happened on June 21, 1807? | the HMS leopard fired on and boarded the U. S. Chesapeake off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia |
| How many Americans were killed in the Leopard Affair? | 3 |
| How many Americans were injured in the Leopard Affair? | 18 |
| How many sailors were impressed into the British service? | 4 |
| When Jefferson was president how did he respond to the constant attacks on ships by England and France? | created the Embargo Act |
| What is the Embargo Act? | U. S. ships will not leave U. S. ports |
| How much money did the exports drop when the Embargo Act was put in place? | $110 million-$25 million |
| When was the Embargo Act created? | 1807 |
| When was the Embargo Act revised? | 1809 |
| What were the revisions of the Embargo Act? | exclude trade with France and England |
| What did Jefferson not want to do (Farewell)? | run for a third term |
| Madison (the third president) was who's secretary of state? | Jefferson's |
| What was Madison the author of? | 30 of the 81 Federalist papers |
| What is a fun fact about James Madison? | shortest president |
| What was James Madison the most important contributor to? | constitution |
| What was the non-intercourse act? | forbade trade with France and Britain, however President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictions |
| What were War Hawks? | southern congressmen who favored war even though it hurt the east/economy |
| Who was Henry Clay? | speaker of the House |
| Who lead the War Hawks? | Henry Clay and and John E. Cathoun |
| What were some benefits to going to war with Great Britain (War of 1812)? | 1) to allow reopening of trade 2) national pride 3) stop impressment of sailors 4) Canada |
| What were the drawbacks of going to war with Great Britain (War of 1812)? | 1)not everyone wanted to go to war 2) military was small 3) could lose territory from the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase |
| What was the military comprised of (War of 1812)? | most of our forces |
| What didn't the military in the War of 1812 want to do? | fight outside state borders |
| How many ships did the navy have? | 22 |
| What did Tecumseh do? | convinces Natives to resist American expansion |
| Why were Native Americans furious with America (Tecumseh)? | Native American lands being ceded to U. S. |
| When did the battle of Tippecanoe occur? | 1811 |
| What was the battle of Tippceanoe? | Gov. William Henry Harrison (future president) leads forces to remove Tecumseh and his hostile natives |
| What did the battle of Tecumseh do to the Indians? | Tecumseh lost much of his supprt |
| What did the United States find after battle of Tippecanoe? | Natives during Battle had British marked guns on them |
| Unlike the battle of D. C. where was the Americans ready for (War of 1812)? | Baltimore |
| What did the British do after the Bombardment Fort Meltenry? | abandoned the attack |
| when did the Bombardment Fort Meltenry occur? | September 13, 1814 |
| Who wrote the national anthem? | Francis Scott Key |
| When did Francis Scott Key write the national Anthem? | after he witnessed the bombardment Fort Meltenry |
| Where and when was the Treaty of Ghent signed? | 1) Europe 2) December 24, 1814 |
| How did the war of 1812 end? | statemate |
| What is a statemate? | no party gained or lost any control |
| What happened with impressment after the Treaty of Ghent? | was not addressed but faded on its own |
| What battle was fought after the Treaty of Ghent was signed but not ratified? | Battle of New Orleans |
| Why was the Battle of New Orleans important | 1)pirate and frontiersman fought alongside U. S. troops 2) made Andrew Jackson a national hero and household name 3) ensured treaty of Ghent would be ratified |
| Since the War of 1812 ended in such a tie why was it so important? | gave the United States a national identity |
| How did the War of 1812 give the United States a national identity? | 1) U. S. was able to hold our own against the British 2) started thinking of continuing westward expansion 3) ended bad feelings toward the British |
Created by:
23Mohr