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rte1418
physics week 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the two primary parts of the x-ray tube | cathode and anode |
| two electrodes are known as a | diode |
| 3 main methods of x-ray tube support | ceiling support, floor to ceiling and cr |
| x rays are produced and emitted | isotropically in all directions |
| x rays that escape through the protective housing are | leakage radiation |
| the oil in the tube housing serves as both | insulator and thermal cushion |
| what type of glass is the evacuated tube made from | pyrex |
| 2 types of material that a tube enclosure can be made of | glass and metal |
| 2 primary parts of the cathode | filament and focusing cup |
| thermionic emission | when the outer shell electrons of the filament atoms are "boiled off" and ejected from the filament |
| filaments are usually made from what two elements | tungsten and thorium |
| what is the purpose of adding 1-2% thorium | makes the anode an alode and prolongs the life of the tube |
| what is the most common cause of tube failure | tungsten vaporization with the depostition on the inside of the glass enclosure |
| whate is the purpose of th focusing cup and what charge does it carry | housing eletron charges and its negative |
| what is a dual focus x-ray tube | two filaments and two focal spots |
| 2 types of anodes | stationary and rotating |
| 3 functions of anodes | electrical conductor, mechanical support,thermal dissipator |
| 3 main reasons that tugsten is the material of choice for target | atomic number, high meleting point, thermal conducting |
| what are the mammography targets made of and why | molybdenium, low atomic number, low k characteristic energy |
| what is the advantage of rotating anode | higehr tube currents and shorter exposure time |
| what rotates the anode | electromagnetic induction motor that consist of sators and a rotor |
| actual source of an x ray | focal spot |
| what are the varying target angles fo rmost diagnostic x ray tubes | 5-20 degrees |
| what are the percentage differences between the anode and cathode side of the x ray beam | cathode 120% anode 75% |
| 3 ways heat can be dissipated in an x ray tube | radiation, conduction and convection |
| what should you do to the anode before applying a high load technique to the anode | warm it up |
| what is the most frequent cause of abrupt tube failure | electron arching from fiiament vaporization |
| 3 types of tube ratings charts | radiographic, anode cooling and housing cooling |
| single phase Heat units | HU =kVp*mA*S |
| high frequency | HU = 1.41*kVp*mA*S |
| 3 phase | HU = 1.35*kVp*mA*S |
| what does an anode cooling chart do | charts the time is required for the anode to cool down |
| what is a housing cooling chart | states the max anout of heat the tube can get before it shuts off. 2xs as long without a fan |
| what does a double banana represent | double focal spots |
| electron space charges hits the focal spot at what speed | half the speed of light |
| the primary beam exiting the focal spot is at what speed | the speed of light |
| dialectric | is the oil in the tube |
| what is acceptable leakage | 100 mr/h at 1m |
| focusing cup houses what | electric charge |
| what is tungstens boiling point | 3410 C or 6170 f |
| low kVp and high mAs is what | thermionic emission |
| Au 79 | GOLD |
| what is the most common target angle | 12 degree |
| teh effective angle is ALWAYS smaller than | the actual angle |
| what makes images brighter | Image intensifier |
| electrons and what flow opposites | current |
| diamagnetic cant be what | artificially magnitized |
| objects absorb light in | 3 derees not at all or partially |
| Intensity is reduced by a factor of one fourth if distance is | doubled |
| halve the distance and intensity is increased by a factor of | four |
| Electrification can be created by what | contact, friction, or induction |
| in what type of circuit would a break in the line shut the whole thing down | series |
| how many electrons are in one mAs | 6.24 million million |
| polyenergetic | is multiple energys |
| a sine wave has | wavelength, frequency, amplitude and period |
| if a wavelength increase the frequency | decreases and vice versa |
| KeV and kVp are | equivilant |
| If the neutron and electrons changes the element is | not changed |
| positive ion | cation |
| negative ion | anion |
| isotope | loses a neutron |
| ion | loses an electron |
| ionic bond | give or gain electron |
| covelant bond | shares electrons |
| mendeleeve did what in 1869 | came out with periodic table |
| original elements | 63 |
| natural | 92 |
| totol elements to date | 118 |
Created by:
Pruettsgirl
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