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Govt 2305 Test #3
Test #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| goal of interest groups | policy benefits for members |
| goal of political parties | win elections & run the govt- power |
| linkage institutions | link the people to govt, link govt to the people, to facilitate democracy, agenda setting & building |
| interest groups, political parties, elections, & the media | interest groups in the US, 1 million organizations in US- "a nation of joiners"; 2/3 of us belong to some group; half of all groups are specifically political, free riders |
| interest group representation | direct representation (political parties provide indirect representation); check on majoritarianism; concentrate benefits & disperse costs (free riders) |
| internal organization | interest group entrepreneurs, tangible benefits-reduced prices, leaders more radical & dedicated, not democratically organized, free rider program, small specialized benefits easier than larger, generalized (non-economic) benefits |
| AARP | (american association of retired persons); extremely political-biggest interest group |
| relationship between political parties & interest groups | inverse relationship between political parties & interest groups; where political parties are strong, interest groups are weak, where political parties are weak, interest groups tend to be strong |
| trend: growth (even proliferation) in interest groups | political party dealignment, american individualism, more bang for the buck b/c concentrates benefits |
| interest group functions | lobby, monitor-info, elections, go to court, public opinion-public relations, demostrations & political participation, agenda setting, coalition building |
| lobby | trying to persuade a govt decision maker to make a decision that will benefit you & your workers; info about policy/fence-sitters/foes-both sides?; registration & reporting (have to register w/ congress & report every sending) |
| lobby who? | everyone-direct rep; interest groups are more active than political parties-indirect rep; madisonian system, 3 separate branches or institutions & 3 levels of govt (national,state & local)=9 contact points; nation level,congress/legis;pres/exec branch |
| who lobbies? | everyone; employee of company or interest group;temp hired gun or consultant; member-grassroots lobbying; govt official, political party, individual-contacting |
| monitor (transparency)- "open meetings, open records" | public meetings & public records; "notice & comment" federal register; surrogates: media-indirect & interest groups-direct |
| elections | interest groups are very active in elections; fund raising-political action committees(PACS); access; more to incumbents than challengers; 527 committees-issue ads |
| judicial system | litigate: go to court-civil law suits- often class action suits; "amicus curiae" belief (lobbying); confirmation hearings for all federal judges; ABA rating system (american bar association) |
| public opinion- public relations | sponsor events or advertise (@ events or in media); issue ads; distribute materials |
| demonstrations | often organized by interest groups; legal-demonstrate & protest-permit; illegal-civil disobedience |
| agenda setting | buying interest groups (MADD);public agenda vs. govt or official agenda; proactive & reactive-discussion of healthcare reform; campaign contributions reflect agenda issues; lobbying efforts reflect agenda issues |
| relationship to bureaucracy | pluralism-networks-coalitions & coalition building; elitism-iron triangle(agency capture)-a kind of coalition; revolving door |
| iron triangle | a kind of coalition-"agency capture";interest group-american legion & veterans of foreign wars; legislature-house veterans affairs committee; executive agency-department of veterans affairs |
| theories of interest group interaction & policy impact | pluralism-competing groups-policy benefits public good; elitism-dominant or monopolistic interests-policy benefits elites; hyper-pluralism or institutional selerosis or paralysis-gridlock-no policy |
| pluralism | many, diverse interest groups; cooperative, coalitions, consensus competition; policy benefits=general public interest; examples=education environment |
| elitism | interest groups=few, dominant; competition=monopolies, non-competitive; policy benefits=dominant business interests; examples=agriculture energy |
| hyper-pluralism | interest groups=many, diverse; competition= non-cooperative, non-consensual; policy benefits=no one, gridlock; examples=health care in past |
| kinds of economical interest groups | business & trade organizations; professional organizations; organized labor; farm organizations; govt lobbyists |
| other types of interest groups | women's organizations, religious groups, public interest groups, environmental, civil rights, age related, veterans/defense, single interest groups, ideological groups |
| congress | decentralized, partisan, strategy-parliamentary procedure tactics |
| decentralization | bicameral (checks & balances); committee system-central to how congress works; mutliple leadership |
| partisan | members election, party caucus-meeting, committee assignments, chairs and staff (seniority ranking); party voting, seating in senate |
| 111th congress | jan 2009-jan 2011; congress= 2 yrs-term of House; elected Nov 2008 & 2 sessions-each 1 yrs; house democratic majority; senate democratic majority; each chamber sets its own rules & policies(ethics) own members;congress sets its own adjournment |
| house of representatives | lower chamber;435 members-minimum 1 per state, reappointed every 10 yrs & districted every 10 yrs by state legislature, 2 yr term;speaker of house(sets agenda)-majority party & 3rd in line for pres;majority/minority leader&majority/minority whip |
| senate | 6 yr term; 100 members, 2 per state(multimember district) 1/3 elected every 2 yrs; vice pres-pres of senate(breaks tie vote);president pro tempore-senior member of majority party-4th inline for presidency; majority leader(sets agenda) & majority whip |
| speaker of the house | nancy pelosi, Democrat- California |
| majority leader of the House | Steny Hoyer, Democrat- Maryland |
| Minority Leader of the house | john boehner, republican, Ohio |
| president pro tempore | robert byrd, democrat, west virginia |
| majority leader of senate | harry reid, democrat, nevada |
| minority leader of senate | mitch mcconnell, republican, kentucky |
| functions of senate | legislation, representation, administration, investigation & education, amend U.S. constitution-proposal requires 2/3 votes from House & senate to be approved;impeachment & removal;admit new states;pres. election-certify electoral votes |
| legislative | fiscal power (spend,tax,borrow)-authorization,budget(annual),appropriation(annual),revenue or tax bill, audit (GAO); regulate interstate trade, foreign policy-funding,declare war, raise&support military, senate-ratify treaties & confirm ambassadors |
| representation | descriptive rep-occupation, religion; women=14.4% representation in congress; hispanics=4.7%; afamerican=7.7%; delegate,trustee, politico, home style/hill style, franking, casework,travel, allowance, pork barrel, earmarks & log rolling |
| constitutional representation | census-enumeration(Head count) & grants formula; apportionment(435 seats)-minimum 1 seat per state; "one man one vote";redistricting by state legislature--gerrymandering-man |
| administration-funding and oversight | create executive branch agencies & lower courts-authorization; fund executive branch agencies & judicial system-appropriation;oversee bureaucratic agencies: hearings, budget, casework, audit-GAO;personnel senate advise & consent-confirmation & senatorial |
| committee consideration | committee, subcommittee, hearings-witnesses-trial like process; markup-committee will revise the bill; vote (majority);report (out if positive, dies if negative) |
| house rules committee | time limit debate(1 hour per side);who can offer amendments to the bill (committee members);floor debate-vote on rule first(majority), then debate(time limited); vote on amendments (majority); vote on bill as amended (majority) |
| senate floor debate | unlimited debate:filibuster & cloture-bill has to have atleast 60 votes or it will die in filibuster; unanimous consent for scheduling; vote on amendments first (majority); vote on bill as amended |
| conference committee | reconcile diff. versions House and Senate; usually compromise; report (out if positive, dies if negative); if positive, back to both House and Senate for confirming vote on the conference report |
| president | 10 working days, if congress is in session: sign-w/ ceremony, allow passage w/o signature, veto-w/ explanation-need this so senate has time to change the bill to meet the qualifications/objections,congress not in session-sign, pocket veto-w/o sign billdie |
| lobbying | interest groups, individuals-constituents (grassroots); president, executive branch officials, whips (partisan leadership), other members of congress, staff |
| congressional bureaucracies/agencies | library of congress-central library for US, congressional budget office-number crunching, general accounting office-audit arm, congressional office of science & tech-provides special expertise in tech, legislative counsel-bill has to be in legal lease |
| tactics: parliamentary procedure | process & procedure-calendars-going to use calendars to fix agenda setting; expedite-little opposition, carefully consider-hearings, delay and hope to kill-filibuster |
| president | individual or institution(personality vs presidency); ratings great presidents; media single focus, tension-checks & balances |
| head of state-US combines 2 roles | ceremonial (symbolic) or diplomatic |
| head of govt-chief executive-prime minister | hire & fire about 3000, top administrators & all fed judges;2.8 mil civilian employees + 1.4 mil military employees, oversee executive branch-15 cabinet depts,indept. agencies, indept regulatory agencies, govt corporations |
| budget implementation | office of management&budget, impoundment-refusal to spend; deferrals-delay spending, rescessions-cancel spending, discretionary funds-usually targeted for emergencies, no line-item veto |
| legistative role | agenda setting-"state of the union"; propose legislation & budget (OMB); lobby (liaison)-continually lobby congress; negotiate, sign, veto (threaten veto);appointments-w/ senate advice & consent-coordination between white house & senate |
| foreign policy-nation security council senate ratifies treaties (2/3) & confirms ambassadors | commander in cheif, congress war powers act-pres can initiate war powers but must get approved from congress; chain of command-civilian in command: pres, sec of defense, sec each branch of service; military-chairman joint chiefs of staff, chief eachbranch |
| intelligence | approx 30 intelligence agen. in US; intell. is decentralized in US |
| diplomatic rule | head of state-ceremonial "state visits"; congress-power of the purse; senate-confirmation appointees & ratify treaties (2/3); executive agreements-avoids going to the senate for a treaty signing which requires 2/3;recognition of nations |
| judicial responsibilites | appoint all fed judges-advice & consent of senate; appoint department of justice-includes all US attorneys (fed prosecuting attorneys);"take care that the laws are faithfully executed"; pardon |
| leader of the people | crises management; comforter & motivator; approval ratings-"rally events"; media attention-white house press corps; news conferences & photo opps; trips & speeches |
| partisan role | national party chairperson; conflicting roles-president consesus but congressional party members more partisan; campaign for congress persons in own party; fund raising for both party & congressional campaigns |
| manager of the economy | pres has little control over econ; budget proposal & execution (OMB); council of economic advisors-part of executive office of white house; US trade representative-16 cabinet; appoints chair of fed reserve board who serves a 4 yr term of office &cantfired |
| presidential management style | "power to persuade"'; impact "at the margins"; hierachicial (bush) vs adversarial (obama)management style |
| demands on the president | congress, bureaucracy, judicial branch, people/public opinion/media; political party, states & local govt-demands on pres are usually related;world events-unpredictable |
| vice president | chosen by nominee at national convention; succession to president on death; pres of the senate-break tie vote, other duties as assigned; acting pres if pres is temp incapacitied-25th amendment; stepping stone to presidency? seldom; john deering-newspaper |
| bureaucracy | always means power; power of the bureau; negative image; tall & narrow bureaucratic structure (authoritarian, top down communication);short&wide bureaucratic struct.(more democratic, some bottom up communication) |
| characteristics: Max Weber | job specialization-most ppl specialize in one thing; hierarchy of command-tall & narrow-authoritarian, short&wide-democratic; rules & record keeping(red tape);impersonality or neutrality |
| other characteristics | conservative-resist change; standard operating procedures (SOPs)-due process & standardization; discretion-street level flexibility |
| structure of the executive branch of govt | cabinet departments; executive office of the president-white house staff-formed to help pres do his/her job;executive (or independent) agencies;independent regulatory agencies- independ. of the pres-report directly to congress; govt corporations |
| cabinet departments | appointed by: president; confirm-yes; fired-yes; tenue-same as president; report to-president |
| executive office of the president | appointed by-president; confirm-yes; fired- yes; tenure-same as president; report to-president |
| white house staff | appointed by-president; confirm-no; fired-yes;tenure-same as president; report to-president |
| executive or independent agencies | appointed by-president; confirm-yes; fired-yes; tenure-same as pres; report to-president..pres gets advice from these agencies |
| independent regulatory agencies | appointed by- president but terms are staggered; confirm-yes; fired-no; tenure-term of office; report to-congress |
| government corporations | appointed by-president but on board b/c have other jobs; confirm-yes in their original jobs; fired- yes; tenure-same as president; report to-congress |
| administrative law judges can.. | impose fines |
| executive orders come from.. | the white house |
| bureaucratic functions | rule implementation-administrative;rule making-semi-legislative;rule enforcement-semi-judicial (administrative law judges); "notice & comment" federal register; due process; violation of checks&balances; administrative order |
| the budget process | president's budget-submitted to congress in late jan; congress passes preliminary budget-in may;congress passes appropriations bills;budget implementation (OMB)-final budget by end of sept;audit (inspector generals & general accounting office) |
| network coalitions | pluralism |
| iron triangles | elitism |
| iron triangle | interest groups-american legion & veteran of foreign wars-get benefits;legislature-house veterans affairs committee-get campaign contributions; executive agency-dept of veterans affairs-get budget&power |
| accountability | legislature-oversight hearings, casework,budget,audit(general accounting office-GAO);president-budget preparation, office of management & budget, power to hire & fire; people/media; courts |
| federal employment | citizen statesman-civil service; jacksonian democracy-every man-volunteers; pendleton act; hatch act; civil service reform act; unionization-39% in public sector |
| civil service | merit, not spoils system (patronage); competitive examination; veteran's preference-5% advantage (affirmative action);general schedule (GS) rank & salary; senior executive service |
| public sector employees | federal (president appoints top 2000 administrators and all federal judges); 2.8 million civilian employees, 1.4 million military employees, states about 4 million, local 9-10 million, contractors |
Created by:
stephparnell