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ch. 12 blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what type of tissue in blood | connective |
| plasma represents _____ percent of a normal blood sample | 55 |
| which formed elements of blood is essential to gas exchange | red blood cells |
| red blood cells | have no nucleus lose their nuclei to make more room for hemoglobin use none of the oxygen they carry have a limited life span of 120 days because they can not synthesize protien |
| normal blood cell count for adult male: for female | 4,600,000-6,200,000 4,200,000-5,400,000 |
| increases in the number of red blood cells increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. (T or F) | true |
| red blood cell production is stimulated by what hormone | erythropoietin, which is released from the kidney in response to low oxygen concentration |
| after birth, red blood cells are produced in the | red marrow |
| what mineral is necessary for the production of normal blood cells | iron |
| the heme portion of damaged red blood cells is decomposed into iron and | biliverdin |
| damaged red blood cells are destroyed by reticuloendothlial cells called | macrophages |
| the cytokines that stimulate white blood cell production ------- and =---- | interleukins, colony stimulating factors |
| the most numerous type of white blood cell is | neutorphil |
| white blood cell count is | 5,000-10,000 per milliliter |
| white blood cells combat infection by | phagocytosis and production of antibodies |
| the blood element responsible for the formation of clots and control of bleeding is the | platelet or thrombocyte |
| fibrinogen | largest molecular size in plasma and plays a part in clotting |
| albumins | significant in maintaining osmotic pressure |
| globulins | transports lipids and fat soluble vitamins and antibodies of immunity |
| list the gases found in plasma | oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen |
| which gas has no physiologic function | nitrogen |
| most abundant plasma electrolytes are | sodium and chlorides |
| the clumping together of red blood cells when unlike types of blood are mixed is due to antibodies in the plasma and antigens in the | erythrocytes |
| agglutinins for RH appear | only in response to stimulation by Rh agglutinogens |
| what percentage of blood are the formed elements | 45% |
| why is iron necessary for normal blood cell production | it is needed to properly synthesize hemoglobin |
| which type of blood cell is least common in | basophils |
| what two leukocytes take part in allergic reaction | eosinophils and basophils |
| what hormone stimulates production of platelets | thromopoietin |
| what is the function of albumin plasma protien | helps maintain colloid osmotic pressure |
| 5 types of white blood cells | neutrophil eosinophil basophil lymphocyte monocyte |
| blood plasma | portion of blood which cells and platelets are suspended 92% water contain complex organic and inorganic biochemicals transports gases, nutrients, and vitamins maintains favorable PH |
| plasma protiens | albumins-most abundant globulins fibrinogen-least |
| plasma nutrients | amino acids simple sugars nucleotides lipids |
| plasma gases | oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogeon |
| plasma nonprotien substances | amino acids urea uric acid |
| plasma electrolytes | sodium potassium calcium magnesium chhoride bicarbonate phosphate sulfate ions |
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