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Cellular Regulation

QuestionAnswer
What is Cellular Regulation? Refers to all functions carried out with a cell to maintain homeostasis, includes responses to extracellular signals.
Benign? Non-cancerous, doesn't go anywhere.
Malignant/Metastasis? Cancerous, travels through blood system, become vascular.
Mitosis? Two identical daughter cells
Meiosis? Gametes/sex cells.
Consequences of Malignant Neoplasia? Fear, stress, anxiety, fatigue, weight loss, pain, organ failure, death, changes in family dynamics, financial changes, and changes in self-image and interpersonal relationships.
Risk factors of Malignant Neoplasia? Smoking/tobacco, poor nutrition, excess weight, sedentary lifestyle, genetics, infectious agents, and exposure to environmental carcinogens such as; sunlight, pollutants in the air, soil, water, or food. Medical treatments, or radiation.
What are examination findings commonly associated with Neoplasia? Visible lesions, physical asymmetry, palpable masses, presence of blood in stool or on pelvic examination.
What are some infectious agents? Viruses, some bacteria, H. pylori, HPV, Hep B and C.
What are some common diagnostic tests for Neoplasia? X-rays, MRI, CT, ultrasound, Direct visualization, Lab tests, Pathology.
What are some primary preventions for Neoplasia? Healthy diet, regular physical activity, smoking cessation, avoidance of excessive exposure to sunlight, and prophylactic surgery.
What does T mean on a TNM classification? T= tissues.
What does N mean on a TNM classification? N= lymphnodes
What does M mean on a TNM classification? M=Metastasize.
What screening can be done for neoplasia? Mammogram, prostate-specific antigen, colonoscopy, guaiac test for occult blood,
When do you test every 5 years? 3 years? 5 years= no history 3 years= genetic history
What are a few treatment goals for someone with Neoplasia? Curative, control of the disease, and palliative.
Why is surgery an intervention for neoplasia? Diagnoses, staging, debulking (reducing size), and can be curative if removed before it metastasizes to other tissues.
Why debulk a neoplasia? To shrink down to a more manageable size for chemotherapy.
What is chemotherapy? Pharmacological agents used to prevent cancer cells from multiplying, invading, or metastasizing.
What provides systemic treatment to someone with Neoplasia? Chemotherapy.
Radiation side effects? Burns, hair loss, GI issues, infertility, or affects what areas associated with exposure, fatigue.
What is Radiation therapy? Energy used to damage and kill cancer cells.
What is used to specifically target a tissue area for treatment of Neoplasia? Radiation therapy.
What is targeted therapy? Use of molecular and genetic biology linked to cell functioning.
What is biologic therapy? Use of biological agents to activate the immune system as cancer treatment such as; vaccines, gene therapy, angiogenesis, nonspecific immunomodulating agents.
Hormonal therapy? Used to treat hormonal responsive cancers, breast, prostate, uterine.
What is bone marrow and stem cell transplantation? Replaces diseased or destroyed cells from the bone marrow with normal healthy cells.
Created by: Cori Wade
 

 



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